Bernardino Machado

His Excellency
Bernardino Machado
GCTE GCL
3rd and 8th President of Portugal
In office
11 December 1925 – 31 May 1926
Prime Minister Domingos Pereira
António Maria da Silva
National Salvation Junta
Preceded by Manuel Teixeira Gomes
Succeeded by José Mendes Cabeçadas
In office
5 October 1915 – 12 December 1917
Prime Minister José de Castro
Afonso Costa
António José de Almeida
José Norton de Matos
Revolutionary Junta
Preceded by Teófilo Braga
Succeeded by Sidónio Pais
Prime Minister of Portugal
In office
2 March 1921 – 24 May 1921
President António José de Almeida
Preceded by Liberato Pinto
Succeeded by Tomé de Barros Queirós
In office
9 February 1914 – 12 December 1914
President Manuel de Arriaga
Preceded by Afonso Costa
Succeeded by Azevedo Coutinho
Personal details
Born (1851-03-28)28 March 1851
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Died 29 April 1944(1944-04-29) (aged 93)
Porto, Portugal
Political party Portuguese Republican
(later Democratic)
Spouse(s) Elzira Dantas Pereira
(m. 1882; d. 1942)
Children 8 daughters and 8 sons
Education Liceu Nacional do Porto
Alma mater University of Coimbra
Signature

Bernardino Luís Machado Guimarães, GCTE, GCL (Portuguese pronunciation: [bɨɾnaɾˈdinu mɐˈʃadu]; 28 March 1851 – 29 April 1944), was a Portuguese political figure, the third and eighth President of Portugal (1915–17, 1925–26).

Early life

Bernardino Machado was born in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, the son of António Luís Machado Guimarães (1820–1882), 1st Baron of Joane and a nobleman of the royal household, a rich merchant raised to the nobility, and his second wife Praxedes de Sousa Guimarães. Bernardino came to Portugal in 1860, enrolled at Coimbra University in 1866, studied mathematics for three years, and graduated in philosophy in 1873. In 1872, he chose to obtain Portuguese nationality. Machado continued his studies, obtaining a doctorate in philosophy in 1876 and graduated in general agriculture and rural economy in 1883. He lectured at that institution beginning in 1877.

In Porto in January 1882 he married Elisa Dantas Gonçalves Pereira (Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 15 December 1865 – 21 April 1942), by whom he had sixteen children. One of his sons-in-law was the writer Aquilino Ribeiro.

Political scene

Official portrait of President Bernardino Machado by Henrique Medina.

Machado then turned to a second interest; in 1882 he was elected to the Portuguese parliament for Lamego, and in 1886 for Coimbra. In 1890 and 1894 was also elected Peer of the Realm by Coimbra University. During this period he was briefly Minister for Public Works on the Hintze Ribeiro cabinet in 1893, and created the first labour court in Portugal. Taking a special interest in public education, he was made part of the Superior Council of Public Education in 1892, and published several books on the subject.

Machado was also briefly President of the Directory of the Democratic Party in 1902, and after switching to the Republican Party, was this party's President of the Directory from 1906 to 1909. He was one of the few monarchists-turned-republican who switched during the monarchy.

Once the Republic was proclaimed in 1910 he was made Minister for Foreign Affairs, and ran an unsuccessful campaign for the Presidential elections of 1911. Afterwards, he was appointed ambassador to Brazil, then made his political comeback in 1914 to lead one of many brief cabinets the country had in this period. Machado ran again for the Presidency in 1915 and was this time elected President of Portugal. In the course of his term, he received Germany's declaration of war (March, 1916), and visited the Portuguese forces placed in France in the battlefields.

In 1917 the government was deposed by a military coup headed by Sidónio Pais, and Machado went into exile.

Upon Machado's return in 1919 he was elected Senator. He served as Prime Minister from 10 February to 23 May 1921. Once again, in 1925, he achieved the presidential office after President Teixeira Gomes resigned, only to be overthrown a year later (1926) by Gomes da Costa (See: 28 May 1926 coup d'état and Ditadura Nacional). The country remained under a military, then a civilian, dictatorship until 1974.

For a second time he went into exile in France, where he continued to be very critical of the Portuguese regime. The German occupation of France in 1940 forced him to seek protection in Portugal, which the government granted him with the condition that he was to be confined to his personal retreat in the northern part of Portugal. It was there in Porto that he died, aged 93, in 1944.

Personal life

He was the father-in-law of the noted writer Aquilino Ribeiro, and the great-grandfather of the psychologist and sexologist Júlio Machado Vaz.

Books

External links

Political offices
Preceded by
Afonso Costa		 Prime Minister of Portugal
1914 		Succeeded by
Azevedo Coutinho
Preceded by
Teófilo Braga		 President of Portugal
1915–1917 		Succeeded by
Sidónio Pais
Preceded by
Liberato Pinto		 Prime Minister of Portugal
1921 		Succeeded by
Tomé de Barros Queirós
Preceded by
Manuel Teixeira Gomes		 President of Portugal
1925–1926 		Succeeded by
José Mendes Cabeçadas
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