Belshazzar's Feast (Rembrandt)

Belshazzar's Feast
Artist Rembrandt
Year 1635 (1635)
Medium Oil on canvas
Dimensions 167.6 cm × 209.2 cm (66.0 in × 82.4 in)
Location National Gallery, London

Belshazzar's Feast is a painting by Rembrandt housed in the National Gallery, London. The painting is an attempt to establish Rembrandt as a painter of large, baroque history paintings.[1][2]

The story

The story of Belshazzar and the writing on the wall originates in the Old Testament Book of Daniel. The Babylonian king Nebuchadnezzar looted the Temple in Jerusalem and has stolen the sacred artefacts such as golden cups. His son Belshazzar used these cups for a great feast where the hand of God appeared and wrote the inscription on the wall prophesizing the downfall of Belshazzar's reign.

The inscription on the wall is an interesting element in this painting. Rembrandt lived in the Jewish Quarter of Amsterdam and "derived the form of Hebrew inscription from a book by his friend, the learned Rabbi and printer, Menasseh ben Israel, yet mistranscribed one of the characters[3] and arranged them in columns, rather than right to left, as Hebrew is written."[1][4] This last detail is essential as it relates to the question of why Belshazzar and his advisers were not able to decipher the inscription and had to send for Daniel to help them with it.[5] The biblical story does not identify the language of the cryptic message, but it is generally assumed to be Aramaic, which, like Hebrew, is written in right-to-left rows, and not in right-to-left columns as in the painting. Although there is no accepted explanation why the Babylonian priests were unable to decipher the writing,[6] the point of this unconventional arrangement – reading the text in the painting in the conventional row-wise left-to-right order results in a garbled message – may be to suggest why the text proved incomprehensible to the Babylonian wise men;[7] indeed, this explanation is in accordance with the opinion of the amora Shmuel, which is mentioned in the Babylonian Talmud, Tractate Sanhedrin, 22 a, among various dissenting views. However, it seems unlikely that Rembrandt would have known this, as there is no evidence to suggest he was proficient in the Talmud.

Painting materials

Rembrandt's handling of painting materials and his painting technique in Belshazzar's Feast are both exceptional and do not compare to any of his other works.[8] The palette of this painting is unusually rich encompassing such pigments as vermilion, smalt, lead-tin-yellow, yellow and red lakes, ochres and azurite.[9]

Notes

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rembrandt - Het feestmaal van Belsazar.
  1. 1 2 "The description of the painting on The National Gallery website". Nationalgallery.org.uk. Retrieved 2012-02-20.
  2. ↑ "painting fear". The National Gallery. Retrieved 2012-02-20.
  3. ↑ Littman, R. (1993). "An error in the Menetekel inscription in Rembrandt's "Belshazzar's Feast"". Oud Holland. 107: 296–7. Specifically, the final character (at the bottom of the leftmost row) is shown as a ז‎ (zayin) instead of a final ן‎ (nun).
  4. ↑ Hausherr, R. (1963). "Zur Menetekel-Inschrift auf Rembrandts Belsazarbild". Oud Holland. 78: 142–9.
  5. ↑ "Daniel 5:1-8". Bible Gateway. Bible Gateway. Retrieved 5 April 2015.
  6. ↑ Kahn, David (1996). The Codebreakers. The Comprehensive History of Secret Communication from Ancient Times to the Internet. Simon and Schuster. pp. 80–81.
  7. ↑ Colvin, Matt. "Rembrandt's Belshazzar's Feast". Colvinism. Retrieved 5 April 2015.
  8. ↑ Bomford, David; et al. (2006). Art in the Making: Rembrandt. London: National Gallery. pp. 110–117. ISBN 1-85709-356-9.
  9. ↑ "Rembrandt, Belshazzar's Feast, Pigment analysis". Colourlex. Retrieved 6 April 2015.

References

External links

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