Earl of Guilford
Earl of Guilford is a title that has been created three times in history. The title was created for the first time in the Peerage of England in 1660 (as Countess of Guilford) for Elizabeth Boyle. She was a daughter of William Feilding, 1st Earl of Denbigh, and the widow of Lewis Boyle, 1st Viscount Boyle of Kinalmeaky. The title was for life only and became extinct on her death in 1667. The title was created for a second time in the Peerage of England in 1674 for John Maitland, 1st Duke of Lauderdale. For more information on this creation, see the article on him as well as the Earl of Lauderdale.
Despite the first two creations, the title of Earl of Guilford is chiefly associated with one branch of the North family, which descends from the Hon. Sir Francis North, second son of Dudley North, 4th Baron North (see the Baron North for earlier history of the family), a lawyer and politician. He was Chief Justice of the Common Pleas from 1675 to 1682 and Lord Keeper of the Great Seal from 1682 to 1685. In 1683 he was created Baron Guilford, of Guilford (now spelled Guildford) in the County of Surrey, in the Peerage of England. He died in middle age and was succeeded by his son, the second Baron, who briefly served as President of the Board of Trade from 1713 to 1714 and was also Lord-Lieutenant of Essex. His son, the third Baron, represented Banbury in the House of Commons of Great Britain. In 1734 he succeeded his cousin as seventh Baron North and in 1752 was honoured by being created Earl of Guilford in the Peerage of Great Britain.
The first Earl of the new creation was succeeded by his son, the second Earl. Known mainly under his courtesy title of Lord North, which he used from 1752 to 1790, he was one of the most influential statesmen of the second half of the 18th century. As Prime Minister of Great Britain between 1770 and 1782, he was a major figure in the American Revolution. North also held two of the other great offices of state, those of Chancellor of the Exchequer and Home Secretary. He was succeeded by his eldest son, the third Earl. He represented several constituencies in the House of Commons. Lord Guilford had no sons, and on his death the barony of North fell into abeyance between his daughters (see the Baron North page for further history of this title). He was succeeded in the barony and the earldom of Guilford by his younger brother, the fourth Earl. He died childless and was succeeded by his younger brother, the fifth Earl. He had been one of the Members of Parliament for Banbury from 1792 to 1794 and had also served as Governor of Ceylon from 1798 to 1805. He was also childless, and on his death the titles passed to his cousin, the sixth Earl, a clergyman. He was succeeded by his grandson, the seventh Earl. His son, the eighth Earl, was a Lieutenant-Colonel in the Royal East Kent Yeomanry. When he died the peerages were inherited by his grandson, the ninth Earl. As of 2009 the titles are held by the latter's only son, the tenth Earl, who succeeded in 1999.
Three other members of the North family may also be mentioned. Frederic Dudley North (1866–1921), great-grandson of the Reverend Charles Augustus North, younger brother of the sixth earl, was a prominent civil servant in Australia. His son Charles Frederic North (1887–1979) was Speaker of the Legislative Assembly of Western Australia from 1947 to 1953. Jonathan North (b. 1931), son of the Hon. John Montagu William North, second son of the eighth Earl, succeeded his maternal grandfather as second Baronet, of Southwell, in 1947 (see North Baronets).
Lacking a different secondary title, the heirs apparent to the earldom have continued to use, without any legal basis, Lord North as a courtesy title. An unqualified reference to Lord North almost always refers to Frederick North, later second Earl of Guilford.
The family seat is Waldershare House, near Dover, Kent. The town in Surrey from which both titles derive is now spelt Guildford.
Countesses of Guilford (1660)
- Elizabeth Boyle, Countess of Guilford (d. 1667)
Earls of Guilford (1674)
- see the Earl of Lauderdale
Barons Guilford (1683)
- Francis North, 1st Baron Guilford (1637–1685)
- Francis North, 2nd Baron Guilford (1673–1729)
- Francis North, 3rd Baron Guilford (1704–1790) (created Earl of Guilford in 1752)
Earls of Guilford (1752)
- Francis North, 1st Earl of Guilford (1704–1790)
- Frederick North, 2nd Earl of Guilford (1732–1792)
- George Augustus North, 3rd Earl of Guilford (1757–1802)
- Francis North, 4th Earl of Guilford (1761–1817)
- Frederick North, 5th Earl of Guilford (1766–1827)
- Francis North, 6th Earl of Guilford (1772–1861)
- Dudley North, Lord North (1829–1860)
- Dudley Francis North, 7th Earl of Guilford (1851–1885)
- Dudley Francis North, Lord North (1875–1875)
- Frederick George North, 8th Earl of Guilford (1876–1949)
- Francis George North, Lord North (1902–1940)
- Edward Francis North, 9th Earl of Guilford (1933–1999)
- Piers Edward Brownlow North, 10th Earl of Guilford (b. 1971)
The heir apparent is the present holder's son Frederick North, Lord North (b. 2002)
See also
External links
- Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by Francis North, 6th Earl of Guilford
- Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by Dudley Francis North, 7th Earl of Guilford
- Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by Frederick George North, 8th Earl of Guilford
- Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by Edward Francis North, 9th Earl of Guilford
- Hansard 1803–2005: contributions in Parliament by Piers Edward Brownlow North, 10th Earl of Guilford
- Biography of Frederic Dudley North at the Australian Dictionary of Biography
- Mabel Eden's Diary, The Life of a Lady, short biographies of the 7th, 8th and 9th Earls, and notes about the North family
Notes
References
- Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990,
- Lord North, The Prime Minister Who Lost America, Peter Whiteley (1996), Hambledon Press ISBN 1-85285-145-7
- Leigh Rayment's Peerage Pages
Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Guilford, Barons and Earls of". Encyclopædia Britannica. 12 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 691.