BBCH-scale (citrus)

The BBCH-scale for citrus is a classification system used in biology to describe the phenological development of citrus plants using the BBCH-scale.

The phenological growth stages and BBCH-identification keys of citrus plants are:

Growth stageCodeDescription
0: Sprouting/Bud development 00 Dormancy: leaf and inflorescence buds undifferentiated, closed and covered by green scales
01 Beginning of bud swelling
03 End of bud swelling: green scales slightly separated
07 Beginning of bud burst
09 Green leaf tips visible
1: Leaf development 10 First leaves separating: green scales slightly open, leaves emerging
11 First leaves visible[1]
15 More leaves visible, not yet at full size
19 First leaves fully expanded
3: Shoot development 31 Beginning of shoot growth: axes of developing shoots visible
32 Shoots about 20% of final length
39 Shoots about 90% of final length
5: Inflorescence emergence 51 Inflorescence buds swelling: buds closed, light green scales visible
53 Bud burst: scales separated, floral tips visible
55 Flowers visible, still closed (green bud), borne on single or multiflowered leafy or leafless inflorescences
56 Flower petals elongating; sepals covering half corolla (white bud)
57 Sepals open: petal tips visible; flowers with white or purplish petals, still closed
59 Most flowers with petals forming a hollow ball
6: Flowering 60 First flowers open
61 Beginning of flowering: about 10% of flowers open
65 Full flowering: 50% of flowers open; first petals falling
67 Flowers fading: majority of petals fallen
69 End of flowering: all petals fallen
7: Development of fruit 71 Fruit set; beginning of ovary growth; beginning of fruitlets abscission
72 Green fruit surrounded by sepal crown
73 Some fruits slightly yellow: beginning of physiological fruit drop
74 Fruits about 40% of final size. Dark green fruit: end of physiological fruit drop
79 Fruits about 90% of final size
8: Maturity of fruit 81 Beginning of fruit colouring (colour-break)
83 Fruit ripe for picking; fruit has not yet developed variety-specific colour
85 Advanced ripening; increase in intensity of variety-specific colour
89 Fruit ripe for consumption; fruit has typical taste and firmness; beginning of senescence and fruit abscission
9: Senescence, beginning of dormancy 91 Shoot growth complete; foliage fully green
93 Beginning of senescence and abscission of old leaves
97 Winter dormancy period

References

  1. In Citrus the term "visible" replaces "unfolded" used for other fruit species. Leaf unfolding takes place precociously in citrus.
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