Australian federal election, 1919

Australian federal election, 1919
Australia
13 December 1919 (1919-12-13)

All 75 seats in the Australian House of Representatives
38 seats were needed for a majority in the House
19 (of the 36) seats in the Australian Senate
  First party Second party
 
Leader Billy Hughes Frank Tudor
Party Nationalist Labor
Leader since 14 November 1916 14 November 1916
Leader's seat Bendigo Yarra
Last election 53 seats 22 seats
Seats won 37 seats 26 seats
Seat change Decrease16 Increase4
Percentage 54.10% 45.90%

Prime Minister before election

Billy Hughes
Nationalist

Resulting Prime Minister

Billy Hughes
Nationalist

Federal elections were held in Australia on 13 December 1919. All 75 seats in the House of Representatives, and 19 of the 36 seats in the Senate were up for election. The incumbent Nationalist Party of Australia led by Prime Minister of Australia Billy Hughes defeated the opposition Australian Labor Party led by Frank Tudor.

The government changed the lower house voting system from first-past-the-post to full-preference preferential voting after the 1918 Swan by-election saw a split in the vote between Nationalist and Country Party candidates, causing Labor with the largest primary vote to unexpectedly win the by-election. Full-preference preferential voting has remained in place since, allowing the Coalition parties to safely contest the same seats. The system would continuously benefit the Coalition until the 1990 election.[1]

The election was held in conjunction with two referendum questions, neither of which was carried.

Results

House of Reps (IRV) — 1919–22—Turnout 71.59% (Non-CV) — Informal 3.47%
Party Votes % Swing Seats Change Notes
  Nationalist Party of Australia 860,519 45.07 9.15 37 16
  Australian Labor Party 811,244 42.49 1.45 25 +3 (2 elected
unopposed)
  Country Party (state-based) 176,884 9.26 * 11 +11
  Independent Nationalist 32,507 1.70 * 1 +1
  Independents 28,077 1.47 0.37 1 +1
  Total 1,909,231     75
  Nationalist Party of Australia WIN 54.10 * 37 16
  Australian Labor Party 45.90 * 26 +4

Independents: Michael Considine (Barrier, NSW)

Popular Vote
Nationalist
 
45.07%
Labor
 
42.49%
Country
 
9.26%
Independent Nationalist
 
1.70%
Independent
 
1.47%
Two Party Preferred Vote
Nationalist
 
54.10%
Labor
 
45.90%
Parliament Seats
Nationalist
 
49.33%
Labor
 
33.33%
Country
 
14.67%
Independent Nationalist
 
1.33%
Independent
 
1.33%
Senate (P BV) — 1919–22—Turnout 71.33% (Non-CV) — Informal 8.61%
Party Votes % Swing Seats Won Seats Held Change
  Nationalist Party of Australia 861,990 46.40 8.97 18 35 +11
  Australian Labor Party 795,858 42.84 0.89 1 1 11
  Country Party 163,293 8.79 * 0 0 0
  Independent 28,077 1.51 * 0 0 0
  Other 8,605 0.46 0 0 0
  Total 1,857,823     19 36

Seats changing hands

Seat Pre-1919 Swing Post-1919
Party Member Margin Margin Member Party
Adelaide, SA   Labor Edwin Yates 100.0 50.8 0.8 Reginald Blundell Nationalist  
Angas, SA   Nationalist Paddy Glynn 0.8 1.5 0.7 Moses Gabb Labor  
Ballaarat, Vic   Labor Charles McGrath 100.0 50.0 0.0 Edwin Kerby Nationalist  
Barrier, NSW   Labor Michael Considine N/A 53.8 3.8 Michael Considine Independent  
Brisbane, Qld   Labor William Finlayson 0.0 1.0 1.0 Donald Charles Cameron Nationalist  
Calare, NSW   Nationalist Henry Pigott 1.8 4.1 2.3 Thomas Lavelle Labor  
Cowper, NSW   Nationalist John Thomson 100.0 71.6 21.6 Earle Page Farmers & Settlers  
Grampians, Vic   Nationalist Edmund Jowett 4.8 N/A 8.2 Edmund Jowett Victorian Farmers  
Gwydir, NSW   Nationalist William Webster 6.5 9.7 3.2 Lou Cunningham Labor  
Henty, Vic   Nationalist James Boyd 20.6 23.2 2.9 Frederick Francis Independent  
Hindmarsh, SA   Nationalist William Archibald 5.8 7.2 1.4 Norman Makin Labor  
Hume, NSW   Nationalist Franc Falkiner 1.9 9.4 7.5 Parker Moloney Labor  
Indi, Vic   Nationalist John Leckie 6.2 6.4 12.6 Robert Cook Victorian Farmers  
Kalgoorlie, WA   Nationalist Edward Heitmann 1.3 3.4 2.1 Hugh Mahon Labor  
Swan, WA   Labor Edwin Corboy 1.5 N/A 8.0 John Prowse Farmers & Settlers  
Werriwa, NSW   Nationalist John Lynch 2.8 3.8 1.0 Bert Lazzarini Labor  
Wimmera, Vic   Nationalist Sydney Sampson 100.0 59.5 9.5 Percy Stewart Victorian Farmers  

Post-election pendulum

GOVERNMENT SEATS
Nationalist Party of Australia
Marginal
Ballaarat (Vic) Edwin Kerby NAT 00.0
Adelaide (SA) Reginald Blundell NAT 00.8
Brisbane (Qld) Donald Charles Cameron NAT 01.0
Eden-Monaro (NSW) Austin Chapman NAT 01.2
Riverina (NSW) John Chanter NAT 01.3
Fawkner (Vic) George Maxwell NAT 01.5
Grey (SA) Alexander Poynton NAT 01.8
Herbert (Qld) Fred Bamford NAT 02.4
Illawarra (NSW) Hector Lamond NAT 03.1
Robertson (NSW) William Fleming NAT 03.5
Oxley (Qld) James Bayley NAT 03.8
Denison (Tas) William Laird Smith NAT 03.9
Darwin (Tas) George Bell NAT 04.0
Wannon (Vic) Arthur Rodgers NAT 04.1
Wide Bay (Qld) Edward Corser NAT 04.3
Bendigo (Vic) Billy Hughes NAT 05.0
Gippsland (Vic) George Wise NAT 05.2 v VFU
Moreton (Qld) Arnold Wienholt NAT 05.2
Bass (Tas) Syd Jackson NAT 05.8
Fairly safe
Nepean (NSW) Eric Bowden NAT 07.1
New England (NSW) Alexander Hay NAT 07.3
Lang (NSW) Elliot Johnson NAT 07.3
Corio (Vic) John Lister NAT 07.5
Darling Downs (Qld) Littleton Groom NAT 07.7
Wakefield (SA) Richard Foster NAT 08.4
Safe
Wilmot (Tas) Llewellyn Atkinson NAT 10.2 v NAT
Fremantle (WA) Reginald Burchell NAT 10.8
Perth (WA) James Fowler NAT 11.0
Parkes (NSW) Walter Marks NAT 11.5
Franklin (Tas) William McWilliams NAT 12.1 v NAT
Lilley (Qld) George Mackay NAT 13.3
Wentworth (NSW) Charles Marr NAT 13.6
Barker (SA) John Livingston NAT 14.1
Kooyong (Vic) Robert Best NAT 14.3 v IND
Dampier (WA) Henry Gregory NAT 14.6
Balaclava (Vic) William Watt NAT 14.9
Flinders (Vic) Stanley Bruce NAT 15.5
Boothby (SA) William Story NAT 16.6
Very safe
Richmond (NSW) Walter Massy-Greene NAT 22.5
Parramatta (NSW) Joseph Cook NAT 22.6
North Sydney (NSW) Granville Ryrie NAT 25.5
NON-GOVERNMENT SEATS
Australian Labor Party and Country Party
Marginal
Angas (SA) Moses Gabb ALP 00.7
Werriwa (NSW) Bert Lazzarini ALP 01.0
Hindmarsh (SA) Norman Makin ALP 01.4
Kalgoorlie (WA) Hugh Mahon ALP 02.1
Maribyrnong (Vic) James Fenton ALP 02.1
Calare (NSW) Thomas Lavelle ALP 02.3
Maranoa (Qld) Jim Page ALP 02.7 v PPU
Capricornia (Qld) William Higgs ALP 02.8
Gwydir (NSW) Lou Cunningham ALP 03.2
Macquarie (NSW) Samuel Nicholls ALP 03.2
Bourke (Vic) Frank Anstey ALP 03.2
Fairly safe
Batman (Vic) Frank Brennan ALP 07.1
Hume (NSW) Parker Moloney ALP 07.5
East Sydney (NSW) John West ALP 07.8
Swan (WA) John Prowse F&SA 08.0 v ALP
Grampians (Vic) Edmund Jowett VFU 08.2 v ALP
Hunter (NSW) Matthew Charlton ALP 08.9
Wimmera (Vic) Percy Stewart VFU 09.5 v NAT
Dalley (NSW) William Mahony ALP 09.7
Safe
Corangamite (Vic) William Gibson VFU 10.4 v ALP
Kennedy (Qld) Charles McDonald ALP 11.7
Darling (NSW) Arthur Blakeley ALP 11.8
Indi (Vic) Robert Cook VFU 12.6 v ALP
Echuca (Vic) William Hill VFU 14.0 v NAT
Melbourne (Vic) William Maloney ALP 15.6
Cook (NSW) James Catts ALP 15.7
South Sydney (NSW) Edward Riley ALP 18.3
Very safe
Yarra (Vic) Frank Tudor ALP 20.3
Cowper (NSW) Earle Page F&SA 21.6 v ALP
West Sydney (NSW) T. J. Ryan ALP 22.2
Melbourne Ports (Vic) James Mathews ALP unopposed
Newcastle (NSW) David Watkins ALP unopposed
Independents
Henty (Vic) Frederick Francis IND 02.9 v NAT
Barrier (NSW) Michael Considine IND 03.8 v IND

See also

Notes

References

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