Ashis Nandy

Ashis Nandy (Bengali: আশিস নন্দী; born 1937) is an Indian political psychologist, social theorist, and critic. A trained clinical psychologist, Nandy has provided theoretical critiques of European colonialism, development, modernity, secularism, Hindutva, science, technology, nuclearism, cosmopolitanism, and utopia. He has also offered alternative conceptions relating to cosmopolitanism and critical traditionalism. In addition to the above, Nandy has offered an original historical profile of India's commercial cinema as well as critiques of state and violence.

He was Senior Fellow and Former Director of the Centre for the Study of Developing Societies (CSDS) for several years. Today, he is a Senior Honorary Fellow at the institute and apart from being the Chairperson of the Committee for Cultural Choices and Global Futures, also in New Delhi.^[1][2]

Nandy had received the Fukuoka Asian Culture Prize in 2007.^[3] In 2008 he appeared on the list of the Top 100 Public Intellectuals Poll of the Foreign Policy magazine, published by The Carnegie Endowment for International Peace.^[4]

Early life and education

Nandy was born in a Bengali^[5] family at Bhagalpur, Bihar, in 1937. He is the eldest of three sons of Satish Chandra Nandy and Prafulla Nalini Nandy, and brother of Pritish Nandy and from an elite Bengali Christian family.^[6] Later, his family moved to Calcutta. Nandy's mother was a teacher at La Martiniere School, Calcutta and subsequently became the school's first Indian vice principal. When he was 10, British India was partitioned into two sovereign countries – India and Pakistan. He witnessed the time of conflicts and atrocities that followed.

Nandy quit medical college before joining Hislop College, Nagpur to study social sciences. Later he took a master's degree in sociology. However, his academic interest tended increasingly towards clinical psychology and he did his PhD in psychology at Gujarat University, Ahmedabad.

While a professed non-believer, Nandy identifies with the Indian Christian community.^[7]

Academic career

Nandy joined the Centre for the Study of Developing Societies (CSDS), Delhi, as a young faculty member. While working there, he developed his own methodology by integrating clinical psychology and sociology. Meanwhile, he was invited by a number of universities and research institutions abroad to carry out research and to give them lectures. He served as the Director of CSDS between 1992 and 1997. He also serves on the Editorial Collective of Public Culture, a reviewed journal published by Duke University Press.

Nandy has coauthored a number of human rights reports and is active in movements for peace, alternative sciences and technologies, and cultural survival. He is a member of the Executive Councils of the World Futures Studies Federation, the Commonwealth Human Rights Initiative, the International Network for Cultural Alternatives to Development, and the People's Union for Civil Liberties. Nandy has been a Woodrow Wilson Fellow at the Wilson Center, Washington, D.C., a Charles Wallace Fellow at the University of Hull, and a Fellow of the Institute for Advanced Studies in Humanities, University of Edinburgh. He held the first UNESCO Chair at the Center for European Studies, University of Trier, in 1994. In 2006 he became the National Fellow of the Indian Council of Social Science Research.

Professor Nandy is an intellectual who identifies and explores numerous and diverse problems. He has written extensively in last two decades. His 1983 book, titled The Intimate Enemy: Loss and Recovery of Self Under Colonialism, talked about the psychological problems posed at a personal level by colonialism, for both coloniser and colonised. Nandy argues that the understanding of self is intertwined with those of race, class, and religion under colonialism, and that the Gandhian movement can be understood in part as an attempt to transcend a strong tendency of educated Indians to articulate political striving for independence in European terms. Through his prolific writing and other activities supported by his belief in non-violence, Professor Nandy has offered penetrating analysis from different angles of a wide range of problems such as political disputes and racial conflicts, and has made suggestions about how human beings can exist together, and together globally, irrespective of national boundaries.

Works

Books

• 1978 – The New Vaisyas: Entrepreneurial Opportunity and Response in an Indian City. Raymond Lee Owens and Ashis Nandy. Bombay: Allied, 1977. Durham, NC: Carolina Academic P, 1978.
• 1980 – At the Edge of Psychology: Essays in Politics and Culture. Delhi: Oxford UP, 1980. Delhi; Oxford: Oxford UP, 1990.
• 1980 – Alternative Sciences: Creativity and Authenticity in Two Indian Scientists. New Delhi: Allied, 1980. Delhi: Oxford UP, 1995.
• 1983 – The Intimate Enemy: Loss and Recovery of Self Under Colonialism. Delhi: Oxford UP, 1983. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1988.
• 1983 – Science, Hegemony and Violence: A Requiem for Modernity. Ed. Ashis Nandy. Tokyo, Japan: United Nations University, 1988. Delhi: Oxford UP, 1990.
• 1987 – Traditions, Tyranny, and Utopias: Essays in the Politics of Awareness. Delhi; New York: Oxford UP, 1987. New York: Oxford UP, 1992.
• 1987 – Science, Hegemony and Violence: A Requiem for Modernity. Ed. Ashis Nandy. Tokyo, Japan: United Nations University, 1988. Delhi: Oxford UP, 1990.Traditions, Tyranny, and Utopias: Essays in the Politics of Awareness. Delhi; New York: Oxford UP, 1987. New York: Oxford UP, 1992.
• 1988 – Science, Hegemony and Violence: A Requiem for Modernity. Ed. Ashis Nandy. Tokyo, Japan: United Nations University, 1988. Delhi: Oxford UP, 1990.
• 1989 – The Tao of Cricket: On Games of Destiny and the Destiny of Games. New Delhi; New York: Viking, 1989. New Delhi; New York: Penguin, 1989.
• 1993 – Barbaric Others: A Manifesto on Western Racism. Merryl Wyn Davies, Ashis Nandy, and Ziauddin Sardar. London; Boulder, CO: Pluto Press, 1993.
• 1994 – The Illegitimacy of Nationalism: Rabindranath Tagore and the Politics of Self. Delhi; Oxford: Oxford UP, 1994.
• 1994 – The Blinded Eye: Five Hundred Years of Christopher Columbus. Claude Alvares, Ziauddin Sardar, and Ashis Nandy. New York: Apex, 1994.
• 1995 – The Savage Freud and Other Essays on Possible and Retrievable Selves. Delhi; London: Oxford UP, 1995. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP, 1995.
• 1995 – Creating a Nationality: the Ramjanmabhumi Movement and Fear of the Self. Ashis Nandy, Shikha Trivedy, and Achyut Yagnick. Delhi; Oxford: Oxford UP, 1995. New York: Oxford UP, 1996.^[8][9]
• 1996 – The Multiverse of Democracy: Essays in Honour of Rajni Kothari. Eds. D.L. Sheth and Ashis Nandy. New Delhi; London: Sage, 1996.
• 1999 – Editor, The Secret Politics of Our Desires: Innocence, Culpability and Indian Popular Cinema Zed: 1999. (also wrote introduction)
• 2002 – Time Warps – The Insistent Politics of Silent and Evasive Pasts.
• 2006 – Talking India: Ashis Nandy in conversation with Ramin Jahanbegloo. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2006.
• 2007 – TIME TREKS: The Uncertain Future of Old and New Despotisms. New Delhi: Permanent Black, 2007.
• 2007 – A Very Popular Exile. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2007.

Selected articles

• Nandy, Ashis (1984). "Culture, State and the Redisovery of Indian Politics". Economic and Political Weekly. 19 (49): 2078–2083. JSTOR 4373849. 
• Nandy, Ashis (1995). "An Anti-secularist Manifesto". India International Centre Quarterly. 22 (1): 35–64. JSTOR 23003710. 
• Nandy, Ashis (1997). "The Twilight of certitudes: Secularism, Hindu Nationalism, and Other Masks of Deculturation". Alternatives: Global, Local, Political. 22 (2): 157–176. doi:10.1177/030437549702200201. JSTOR 40644885. 
• Nandy, Ashis (12 August 2006). "Nationalism, Genuine and Spurious: Mourning Two Early Post-Nationalist Strains". Economic and Political Weekly. 41 (32): 3500–3504. JSTOR 4418563. 

Selected essays

• Unclaimed Baggage, The Little Magazine
• 1982 – The Psychology of Colonialism: Sex, Age, and Ideology in British India. Psychiatry 45 (Aug. 1982): 197–218.
• 1983 – Towards an Alternative Politics of Psychology. International Social Science Journal 35.2 (1983): 323–38.
• 1989 – The Fate of the Ideology of the State in India. The Challenge in South Asia: Development, Democracy and Regional Cooperation. Eds. Poona Wignaraja and Akmal Hussain. Thousand Oaks: Sage, 1989.
• 1989 – The Political Culture of the Indian State. Daedalus 118.4 (Fall 1989): 1–26.
• 1990 – Satyajit Ray's Secret Guide. East-West Film Journal 4.2 (June 1990): 14–37.
• 1991 – Hinduism Versus Hindutva: The Inevitability Of A Confrontation
• 1993 – Futures Studies: Pluralizing Human Destiny. Futures 25.4 (May 1993): 464–65.
• 1994 – Tagore and the Tiger of Nationalism. Times of India 4 September 1994.
• 1995 – History's Forgotten Doubles. History & Theory 34.2 (1995): 44–66.
• 1996 – Bearing Witness to the Future. Futures 28.6–7 (Aug. 1996): 636–39.
• 1999 – Indian Popular Cinema as a Slum’s Eye View of Politics. The Secret Politics of Our Desires: Innocence, Culpability and Indian Popular Cinema. Zed: 1999. 1–18. (also editor)
• 2000 – Gandhi after Gandhi after Gandhi (May, 2000)
• 2002 – Obituary Of A Culture
• 2004 – A Billion Gandhis
• 2006 – Cuckoo over the cuckoo’s nest Tehelka
• 2007 – What fuels Indian Nationalism? Tehelka
• 2009 – The Hour Of The Untamed Cosmopolitan Tehelka; Partition And The Fantasy Of A Masculine State The Times of India

Awards

• Fukuoka Asian Culture Prize in 2007

Controversies

During the Jaipur Literature Festival held in January 2013, Nandy participated in a panel where he was quoted to have made controversial statements on corruption among "lower" castes in India. It was reported that he said,

It is a fact that most of the corrupt come from OBCs and Scheduled Castes and now increasingly the Scheduled Tribes. I will give an example. One of the states with the least amount of corruption is state of West Bengal when the CPI(M) was there. And I must draw attention to the fact that in the last 100 years, nobody from OBC, SC and ST has come anywhere near to power. It is an absolutely clean state.

Rajasthan Police lodged an FIR under the SC/ST Act against Ashis Nandy for his statement regarding corruption among the SC/ST and OBCs.^[10] After Nandy's lawyer moved the Supreme Court to quash all the allegations against him, the Court issued a stay order on his arrest on 1 February 2013.^[11] The subaltern scholar Dr. Satyanarayana has challenged Nandy's unscholarly and prejudiced remarks and expressed shock at the vociferous support he received for this from the Indian media and academia, asking rhetorically, "Is Prof. Nandy a holy cow?".^[12]

Talks

• Ashis Nandy in conversation with Gurcharan Das^[13][14][15]
• Ashis Nandy in conversation with Vinay Lal^[16]

References

Sources

• Sardar, Ziauddin and Loon, Borin Van. 2001. Introducing Science. US: Totem Books (UK: Icon Books).

Further reading

• Cover Story: Polymath Of Our Times Tehelka 2 June 2012
• Bonnett, Alastair (2012). "The Critical Traditionalism of Ashis Nandy: Occidentalism and the Dilemmas of Innocence". Theory, Culture & Society. 29 (1): 138–157. doi:10.1177/0263276411417462. 
• Deftereos, Christine (June 2009). "Contesting Secularism: Ashis Nandy and the Cultural Politics of Selfhood" (PDF). University of Melbourne. Retrieved 30 March 2015. 
• Mehta, Nalin (2010). "Ashis Nandy vs. the state of Gujarat: Authoritarian developmentalism, democracy and the politics of Narendra Modi". South Asian History and Culture. 1 (4): 577–596. doi:10.1080/19472498.2010.507028. 
• Miller, Don (1998). "Nandy: Intimate enemy number one". Postcolonial Studies. 1 (3): 299–303. doi:10.1080/13688799889978. 

External links

• Ashis Nandy, Senior Honorary Fellow, Homepage at Centre for the Study of Developing Societies (CSDS)
• Postcolonial Studies at Emory University: Ashis Nandy
• Ashis Nandy: A Short Biographical Note (2004), by Vinay Lal UCLA

Columns

• Ashis Nady Outlook