Arid Diagonal

Map showing Köppens climate classification for South America. The arid diagonal can be seen in the form of the almost contiguous zone of BWh and BWk climate running from Ecuador to Southern Patagonia.

The Arid Diagonal (Spanish: diagonal árida/arreica) is a contiguous zone of arid and semi-arid climate that traverses South America from coastal Peru in the Northwest to Argentine Patagonia in Southeast including large swathes of Bolivia and Chile.[1] The Arid Diagonal encompasses a number of deserts, for example: Sechura, Atacama, Monte and the Patagonian Desert.

The Arid Diagonal acts to isolate the temperate and subtropical forests of Chile and southern Argentina from other forests of South America.[2]

Cause and origin

The northern portion of the Arid Diagonal is a result of the blocking of the trade winds by the barrier formed by the Central Andes and the South Pacific High[3] and to the south in the westerlies the rain shadow the Southern Andes casts over eastern Patagonia.[1] South of Mendoza (32°53' S), the driest parts of the diagonal move away from the Andes as the mountains lose height, causing some humidity to penetrate; thus, at more southern latitudes the driest parts of the diagonal lie on the Atlantic coast of Patagonia.[1]

The origin of the aridity of northern part of the diagonal is linked to two geologic events: a) the rise of Andes—an event that led to the permanent block of the westward flow of moisture along the tropics, and b) the permanent intrusion of cold Antarctic waters (the Humboldt Current) along South America's west coast.[3] The arid diagonal exists since the Neogene.[4] Together with the Quaternary glaciations in the Southern Andes the diagonal controls the distribution of the vegetation types over Chile and Argentina.[4]

References

  1. 1 2 3 Bruniard, Enrique D. (1982). "La diagonal árida Argentina: un límite climático real". Revista Geográfica (in Spanish): 5–20.
  2. ↑ Villagrán, Carolina; Hinojosa, Luis Felipe (1997). "Historia de los bosques del sur de Sudamérica, II: Análisis fitogeográfico". Revista Chilena de Historia Natural (in Spanish). 70: 241–267.
  3. 1 2 Armesto, Juan J.; Arrollo, Mary T.K.; Hinojosa, Luis F. (2007). "The Mediterranean Environment of Central Chile". In Veblen, Thomas T.; Young, Kenneth R.; Orme, Anthony R. Physical Geography of South America. Oxford University Press. pp. 184–199.
  4. 1 2 Villagrán, Carolina; Hinojosa, Luis Felipe (2005). "Esquema biogeográfico de Chile". In Llorente Bousquests, Jorge; Morrone, Juan J. Regionalización Biogeográfica en Iberoámeríca y tópicos afines (in Spanish). Mexico: Ediciones de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Jiménez Editores.
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