Arapahoan languages
| Arapahoan | |
|---|---|
| Geographic distribution: | United States |
| Linguistic classification: |
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| Subdivisions: |
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| Glottolog: | arap1273[1] |
The Arapahoan languages are a subgroup of the Plains group of Algonquian languages: Nawathinehena, Arapaho, and Gros Ventre.
Nawathinehena is extinct and Arapaho and Gros Ventre are both endangered.[2][3]
Besawunena, attested only from a word list collected by Kroeber, differs only slightly from Arapaho, but a few of its sound changes resemble those seen in Gros Ventre. It had speakers among the Northern Arapaho as recently as the late 1920s.
Nawathinehena, is also attested only from a word list collected by Kroeber, and was the most divergent language of the group.
Another reported Arapahoan variety is the extinct Ha'anahawunena, but there is no documentation of it.
Notes
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2016). "Arapahoic". Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ↑ Lewis, M. Paul (ed.), 2009. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Sixteenth edition. Dallas, Tex.: SIL International
- ↑ Goddard 2001:74-76, 79
References
- Goddard, Ives (2001). "The Algonquian Languages of the Plains." In Plains, Part I, ed. Raymond J. DeMallie. Vol. 13 of Handbook of North American Indians, ed. William C. Sturtevant. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution, pp. 71–79.
- Marianne Mithun (1999). The Languages of Native North America. Cambridge Language Surveys. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
External links
- "Arapaho" at Native-languages.org
- "Gros Ventre" at Native-languages.org
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