Alexandros Zaimis

Alexandros Zaimis (Greek: Αλέξανδρος Ζαΐμης; 9 November 1855 – 15 September 1936) was a Greek Prime Minister, Minister of the Interior, Minister of Justice, and High Commissioner of Crete. He served as Prime Minister six times.

Early Life and Family

He was born in Athens and was the son of Thrasyvoulos Zaimis, a former Prime Minister of Greece, and Eleni Mourouzi. His brother was Asimakis Zaimis. On his father's side he was the grandson of Andreas Zaimis, another former Prime Minister of Greece, and related to the great Kalavrytan family with notable participation in the Greek War of Independence from 1821. From his mother's side he was a descendent of an important Fanariote family of the Mourozidon. His family lived in Kerpini, Kalavryta in the Achaia prefecture.

He studied law at the University of Athens and at the University of Heidelberg. He also attended the universities of Leipzig, Paris and Berlin.

Political career

Alexandros became involved in politics after the death of his father who was the elected member of parliament for Kalavryta. He became a Member of Parliament in 1885. He served as Minister of the Interior and Justice Minister in Theodoros Deligiannis' government (1890–92) and Leader of the House (1895-97). He became Prime Minister for the first time in 1897.

Appointment as High Commissioner

In 1906, he was appointed as Ipatos Armostis (High Commissioner) of Crete^[2] and presided over a critical period of the island's history up to the de facto union of Crete with Greece in 1908.

Re-elected as Prime Minister

Alexandros Zaimis was re-elected as Prime Minister a further five times. He was appointed Prime Minister under King Constantine I to succeed Venizelos in October 1915, but resigned a month later when his government failed to receive a vote of confidence. In 1917, Zaimis served again as Prime Minister under King Constantine I, while Eleftherios Venizelos led a rival government controlling northern Greece. Under Entente pressure, he resigned in favor of Venizelos in June of the same year. During World War I, he was generally supposed to favor neutrality for Greece, but to be personally in favor of the Allies.

A moderate conservative, he served again as Prime Minister from 1926 to 1928 in a coalition government of Venizelist and moderate conservatives.

Zaimis was elected the fourth and last President of the Second Hellenic Republic in 1929. He was reelected in 1933. However, only two years into his second term, he was thrown out of office by Prime Minister Georgios Kondylis, who abolished the Republic and proclaimed himself regent pending the results of a referendum on restoring the monarchy. This referendum resulted in George II being recalled to the throne by almost 98 percent of the vote, an implausibly high total that could have only been obtained through fraud.

Death and Legacy

He died on 15 September 1936 in Vienna, Austria and was buried in the First Cemetery of Athens. He was married without children. The political legacy of his family was continued by his siblings and cousins.

References

Sources

• Svolopoulos, Konstantinos (1988). "Η Περίοδος της Αυτονομίας ("The Period of Autonomy")". In Panagiotakis, Nikolaos M. Crete, History and Civilization (in Greek). II. Vikelea Library, Association of Regional Associations of Regional Municipalities. pp. 459–492. 
•  Rines, George Edwin, ed. (1920). "Zaimis, Alexander". Encyclopedia Americana. 

Heads of state of Greece
1st Republic (1827–1832)	Ioannis Kapodistrias Augustinos Kapodistrias Governing Councils
Monarchy (1832–1924)	Otto Regency Council George I Constantine I Alexander Pavlos Kountouriotis1 Queen Olga1 Constantine I George II Pavlos Kountouriotis1
2nd Republic (1924–1935)	Pavlos Kountouriotis Theodoros Pangalos2 Pavlos Kountouriotis Alexandros Zaimis
Monarchy (1935–1973)	Georgios Kondylis1 2 George II Archbishop Damaskinos1 George II Paul Constantine II3
Military Junta (1967–1974)	Georgios Zoitakis1 2 Georgios Papadopoulos1 2 Phaedon Gizikis2
3rd Republic (since 1974)4	Michail Stasinopoulos1 Konstantinos Tsatsos Constantine Karamanlis Ioannis Alevras1 Christos Sartzetakis Constantine Karamanlis Konstantinos Stephanopoulos Karolos Papoulias Prokopis Pavlopoulos
1 Regent or interim President 2 Heading or appointed by military regime 3 Fled Greece on 13 December 1967; de jure head of state until the abolition of the monarchy in 1973/74 4 The 1973–74 junta-proclaimed Republic is not officially recognised.