Aist-class LCAC

A PT-76 tank emerges from an Aist-class LCAC
Class overview
Builders: Almaz Shipbuilding Company
Operators:
Built: 1975–1985
In commission: 1975–present
Building: 20
Completed: 20
Active: 6
General characteristics
Type: Air-cushioned landing craft
Displacement: 298 long tons (303 t) full load
Length: 47.3 m (155 ft 2 in)
Beam: 17.8 m (58 ft 5 in)
Propulsion: 2 × 9,600 hp (7.2 MW) Kuznetsov NK-12MV gas turbines driving 4 axial lift fans and 4 propeller units (4 × four-bladed variable-pitch propellers, 2 pusher, 2 tractor)
Speed: 70 knots (130 km/h; 81 mph)
Range: 120 nmi (220 km) at 50 kn (93 km/h; 58 mph)
Capacity:
Complement: 15 (3 officers)
Sensors and
processing systems:
Armament:
  • 2 × twin AK-230 30 mm
  • 2 × quadruple SA-N-5 SAM launcher systems (not on all ships)
  • 2 × PK-16 chaff launchers (only on two ships)

The Aist-class (NATO-Code; Russian Project 12321 Dzheyran) was the first large assault hovercraft operated by the Soviet Navy. It was designed by the Almaz design bureau wing of the Almaz Shipbuilding Company in 1964-1965. Production of the craft lasted from 1970 until 1985 at Almaz's plant in Leningrad.

Configuration

The Aist-class was built to roughly the same size as the British SR.N4 commercial channel ferry. The Russian name for this class is "maly desantny korabl na vozdushnoy podushke" meaning "small landing craft on air cushion". The Aist-class prototype was built in 1970, and the type entered production in Leningrad in 1975. It was produced there at a rate of about six every four years. By the early 1990s, twenty to twenty four had been produced.

The craft began to be withdrawn following the fall of the Soviet Union, and, by 2004, only six remained, in two levels of configuration. A modified main engine intake was installed on all Russian Navy Aists in service with the Baltic Sea Fleet. These intakes are believed to include special filters to reduce the ingestion of salt water, sand and dust particles into the Aist's engines and machinery, limiting the effects of salt water corrosion. The Aist's have suffered from high cushion pressure, and they produce exceptionally heavy cushion spray, especially at low speeds.

Operations

Three modified Aists (700 series) are based in the Baltic Sea, and the other three are in the Caspian Sea. Craft #609 participated in the Caspian Sea exercise in 2002. The earlier engines have been upgraded to allow an increase in displacement up to 298 tons, which is up from the type's original 260 tons but at a loss of roughly half the type's original range. Some units carry two SA-N-5 quadruple SAM systems and chaff launchers.

Variations

In addition to the Baltic Sea upgrades, several variants have been built, and they differ externally in fin height, overall length, superstructure details and defensive armament. In an effort to reduce accidents, an Aist combat mission simulator was produced by the former Soviet Navy to improve the ability of Aist commanders to operate the craft on the sea and over beaches.

Capacity

The Aist was upgraded during the 1990s to carry 80 tons of cargo.

Registry

See also

References

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