Agitated Nutsche Filter
Agitated Nutsche filter (ANF) is a filtration technique used in applications such as dye, paint, and pharmaceutical production[1] and waste water treatment.[2] Safety requirements and environmental concerns due to solvent evaporation led to the development of this type of filter wherein filtration under vacuum or pressure can be carried out in closed vessels and solids can be discharged straightaway into a dryer.
Filter features
A typical unit consists of a dished vessel with a perforated plate. The entire vessel can be kept at the desired temperature by using a limpet jacket, jacketed bottom dish and stirrer (blade and shaft) through which heat transfer media can flow. The vessel can be made completely leak-proof for vacuum or pressure service..
Agitator
A multipurpose agitator is the unique feature of this system. The agitator performs a number of operations through movement in axes both parallel and perpendicular to the shaft.[3]
- Important points
- Slurry contents can be kept fluidized until most of the mother liquor is filtered through.
- When filtration is complete, the cake develops cracks causing upsets in the vacuum operation. This hinders removal of mother liquor. The agitator can be used to maintain a uniform cake.
- The cake can be washed after filtration by reslurrying the cake.
- After washing, the mother liquor can be refiltered. The cake can then be discharged by lowering the agitator and rotating it in such a manner that it brings all the cake towards the discharge port.
Power pack
A power pack is a unit attached to the ANF’s agitator system. It consists of an oil tank on which a pump is provided for circulating high-pressure oil through a control valve system and to hydraulic cylinders. These cylinders are provided for vertical movement of the agitator. Operating pressure of the oil varies from 2 kg/cm² to 80 kg/cm² (200 kPa to 8 MPa).
Materials of construction
Agitated Nutsche filters can be fabricated in materials like Hastelloy C-276, C-22, stainless steel, mild steel, and mild steel with rubber lining as per service requirements. Recently, agitated Nutsche filters have been fabricated out of polypropylene fibre-reinforced plastic (PPFRP).
Advantages
- Vacuum or pressure filtration possible.
- Inert gas atmosphere can be maintained.
- Minimal contamination of the cake.
- Very high solvent recovery.
- Considerable saving in manpower.
- Solvents are in closed systems, so no toxic vapors are let off in the atmosphere.
- Personal safety is maintained and heat transfer surfaces can be provided to maintain filtration temperature.[4]
Commercial uses
Agitated Nutsche filters are used widely in the production processes of pharmaceutical, chemical and laboratory industries, among others. They are manufactured as agitated Nutsche filter dryers (ANFD'S) for the filtration and drying in the same unit of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) and chemical compounds.
References
- ↑ Bennett, Bill; Cole, Graham (2002). Pharmaceutical Production: An Engineering Guide. Institution of Chemical Engineers (IChemE). p. 89. ISBN 0-85295-440-9. Retrieved 2008-06-24.
- ↑ Cheremisinoff, Nicholas P. (2001). Handbook of Water and Wastewater Treatment Technologies. Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 199. ISBN 0-7506-7498-9. Retrieved 2008-06-24.
- ↑ Sparkler Filters, Inc.,http://www.google.com/patents/US5139667 2012.
- ↑ Michelle Frisch, Powder Systems Ltd, http://www.powdersystems.com/pilot-and-plant-production.html, 2012.