Adaptations of The Wizard of Oz

Poster for Fred R. Hamlin's 1902 musical extravaganza, the first major theatrical adaptation of The Wizard of Oz

The Wonderful Wizard of Oz is a 1900 children's novel written by American author L. Frank Baum. Since its first publication in 1900, it has been adapted many times: for film, television, theatre, books, comics, games, and other media.

Film

• The Fairylogue and Radio-Plays is a 1908 multimedia presentation made by L. Frank Baum which featured the young silent film actress Romola Remus.
• The Wonderful Wizard of Oz is a 15-minute 1910 film, based on the 1902 stage musical, directed by Otis Turner, and may have featured Bebe Daniels as Dorothy.
• The Patchwork Girl of Oz is a 1914 adaptation produced by Baum's live-action motion picture company, The Oz Film Manufacturing Company. It follows the adventures of Ojo, Unc Nunkle, and Patchwork Girl in their quest for the ingredients needed for a magic potion.
• His Majesty, the Scarecrow of Oz is a loose 1914 adaptation by Baum that became the basis for the book The Scarecrow of Oz.
• The Magic Cloak of Oz (1914) is another in the series produced by Baum himself via The Oz Film Manufacturing Company. It follows the story of Fluff, the unhappiest person in Oz, and a magic cloak fairies devised for him to grant him one wish.
• Wizard of Oz is a 1925 film, directed by Larry Semon in collaboration with Frank Joslyn Baum and featuring a young Oliver Hardy.
• The Wizard of Oz is a 1933 animated short directed by Ted Eshbaugh.
• The Wizard of Oz is the 1939 musical film by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, directed by Victor Fleming and starring Judy Garland, Ray Bolger, Jack Haley, Bert Lahr, and Frank Morgan. It is the story's best-known adaptation.
• The Wonderful Land of Oz is a 1969 low-budget children's-movie adaptation of The Marvelous Land of Oz, directed by Barry Mahon.
• Ayşecik ve Sihirli Cüceler Rüyalar Ülkesinde is a 1971 Turkish film, directed by Tunç Başaran known to bootleggers as "The Turkish Wizard of Oz".
• Journey Back to Oz is a 1971 animated film, begun in 1962 and eventually released between 1972–74.
• Once Upon a Time is a 1976 film in which Maria and Mary-Lou get sucked down a well into Holleland. It is loosely based upon, and also pays homage to, "The Wizard of Oz".
• Oz is a 1976 Australian rock musical film, also known as Oz – A Rock 'n' Roll Road Movie or 20th Century Oz.
• The Wiz is a 1978 movie directed by Sidney Lumet starring Diana Ross as Dorothy and Michael Jackson as the Scarecrow, based on the Broadway musical of the same name.
• Return to Oz is a 1985 film by Walt Disney Pictures, directed by Walter Murch and starring Fairuza Balk as Dorothy.
• The Muppets' Wizard of Oz (2005) Starring Ashanti, Queen Latifah and The Muppets. Miss Piggy plays all of the witches, Pepe plays Toto, Kermit plays the Scarecrow, Gonzo plays the Tin Man, and Fozzie plays the Lion.
• Apocalypse Oz (2006) is a short film parody of The Wizard of Oz and Apocalypse Now.
• After the Wizard is a 2012 independent film as a modern-day semi-sequel to the story.
• Oz the Great and Powerful is a 2013 film by Walt Disney Pictures, directed by Sam Raimi and starring James Franco and Mila Kunis.
• Legends of Oz: Dorothy's Return (2014) is an American-Indian 3D animated musical adaptation of Dorothy of Oz by Roger S. Baum and stars Lea Michele.
• OzLand (2014) is an independent fantasy/sci-fi drama film inspired by characters and events from the book, which plays a crucial role.

Television

Many of the television programs cited in this list are not strict adaptions of The Wizard of Oz; rather, they have reinterpreted aspects of the book, such as characters and plot, to create sequels, prequels or side-plots, which are inspired by Baum's original text.

• Rainbow Road to Oz was a proposed Walt Disney live-action production. A preview segment aired in 1957 on the Disneyland TV show, featuring Darlene Gillespie as Dorothy, Annette Funicello as Ozma, Bobby Burgess as the Scarecrow, Doreen Tracey as Scraps, the Patchwork Girl, and Jimmie Dodd as the Cowardly Lion.
• The Land of Oz is the 1960 premiere episode of The Shirley Temple Show, known in previous seasons as Shirley Temple's Storybook, and no relation to the Shirley Temple Theatre which showcased old Temple films. This adaptation of The Marvelous Land of Oz was written by Frank Gabrielson and directed by William Corrigan. William Asher produced. The cast included Shirley Temple (Ozma/Tip), Ben Blue (The Scarecrow), Agnes Moorehead (Mombi), Sterling Holloway (Jack Pumpkinhead), Gil Lamb (The Tin Woodman), Jonathan Winters (Lord Nikidik), Arthur Treacher (Graves the Butler), and Mel Blanc (Voice of the sawhorse).
• Tales of the Wizard of Oz is a 1961 animated series of short episodes based on the Oz characters from the book.
• Off to See the Wizard is a 1967 television anthology series which showcased then-recent MGM family films. The Oz characters appeared in animated segments.
• Return to Oz is a 1964 animated television special sequel-cum-remake of the 1939 film, based on the artistic renderings of the characters in the 1961 animated series.
• Saturday Night Live, on February 16, 1980, had a sketch called The Incredible Man, a parody of both The Wizard of Oz and the annual TV broadcast of the film that was standard at the time.
• The Wizard of Oz is a feature-length anime adaptation of the story produced by Toho in 1982 and directed by Fumihiko Takayama, with music by Joe Hisaishi. The English version of the movie stars Aileen Quinn as the voice of Dorothy and Lorne Greene as the Wizard. Original songs are sung by Aileen Quinn in the English version, with lyrics by Sammy Cahn and Allen Byrnes. It was released in the United States before it premiered in Japan. In the U.S., it was released on video and syndicated to local television stations.
• The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, an episodic anime adaptation of four of Baum's Oz books, was created in 1986. It consists of 52 episodes and follows the story of Dorothy and her adventures in Oz with the Tin Woodman, Cowardly Lion, and Scarecrow. It continues on to the story of Ozma and Mombi, and follows the events in other Oz books. In 1987, HBO purchased the rights to the series and edited together key episodes of the series into a series of movies, which aired as a television mini-series. Margot Kidder was the narrator. Production for the English version was done by the Canadian studio Cinar.
• The Wizard of Oz, an animated series based on the 1939 film, was broadcast on ABC during the 1990–1991 TV season. The cartoon featured Dorothy returning to Oz, reuniting with her four friends, and journeying through the magical realm in an attempt to rescue the Wizard from a resurrected Witch of the West.
• The Wonderful Galaxy of Oz (Space Oz no Bôken) is a 1990 Japanese anime series involving Dorothy and her friends in a futuristic setting, traveling the "Galaxy of Oz". It was truncated to 76 minutes and dubbed for the American release.
• The Oz Kids is a 1996 animated series by Hyperion Pictures and Nelvana featuring the children of the original characters.
• Tim Burton's Lost In Oz is a 2000 unrealized television pilot script written by Trey Callaway with Tim Burton as executive producer. Key scenes were filmed by Michael Katleman.
• Lost in Oz is a 2002 television pilot, never broadcast. It is a sequel to the 1939 film.
• The Futurama episode "Anthology of Interest II" is a retelling of the Oz story, shown as a dream of one of the show's characters.
• The 100th episode of the television comedy-drama show Scrubs, entitled "My Way Home" is a homage to the Wizard of Oz.
• Tin Man is a three-part miniseries released in December 2007 on the Sci-fi Channel by RHI Entertainment and Syfy. The miniseries, directed by Nick Willing and starring Zooey Deschanel, Richard Dreyfuss, Alan Cumming, Raoul Trujillo, Neal McDonough, and Kathleen Robertson, is a re-imagined version of The Wizard of Oz with a heavy science fantasy emphasis. The heroine, D.G., is a descendant of Dorothy Gale. Other humans, called "Slippers" by the people of Oz, have visited Oz since Gale's fateful adventure. The series portrays a future version of Oz, thereby making the mini-series both a sequel and a re-imagining.
• OzEnders, a 2003 charity special of EastEnders, saw the characters in a spoof remake of The Wizard of Oz. June Brown starred as Dorothy Cotton, Jon Culshaw as Ozzy Osbourne, and Adam Woodyatt as Ian Beale.
• The Witches of Oz is a 2011 television mini-series directed by Leigh Scott, based on the novels The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, Ozma of Oz, The Road to Oz, and The Magic of Oz by Baum.
• An episode of SpongeBob SquarePants shows SpongeBob and Patrick going to see Mr. Magic. As in The Wizard of Oz, Mr. Magic, who was thought to be a giant, magical head, is revealed to be a powerless, little man.
• Tom and Jerry and the Wizard of Oz is a Tom and Jerry direct-to-video film, the first to be made for Blu-ray. It first appeared on Cartoon Network on August 13, 2011.
• In an episode of Rugrats, No Place Like Home, Susie dreams of a land like Oz after having her tonsils removed.
• An episode of Phineas and Ferb is entitled Wizard of Odd. In order to wash their house quickly, Phineas and Ferb build a contraption that spins it around, causing Candace to become so dizzy, she collapses. She soon finds herself in the magical land of Odd where Isabella, Dr. Doofenshmirtz, Jeremy, Buford, and Baljeet are remarkably like the characters from The Wizard of Oz.
• An episode of Mickey Mouse Clubhouse, "Minnie's The Wizard of Dizz", places Minnie and Pluto in the roles of Dorothy and Toto. Goofy, Mickey, and Donald appear as the Scarecrow, Tin Mouse, and Lion. Clarabelle Cow appears as the good witch, Pete as the bad witch, and Ludwig von Drake as the wizard.
• The characters Dorothy Gale and The Wicked Witch of the West make appearances in the 2014 episode "Slumber Party" from the ninth season of the television series Supernatural. Dorothy is revealed to be a hunter of evil and the daughter of L. Frank Baum. The Tin Man, Cowardly Lion, and Scarecrow all make appearances. The season 10 episode "There's No Place Like Home" tells of a war for the Emerald City in which the Wizard has been split into good and dark sides.
• The Wicked Witch of the West is the main antagonist in the second half of the third season of the ABC/Disney television series Once Upon a Time. In this version, the wicked witch was abandoned by her mother in the woods where a tornado took her to Oz.
• Emerald City was a television series in development by Universal Television that drew inspiration from L. Frank Baum's original 14 books. Created by Matthew Arnold, in January 2014 it had been officially picked up by NBC for 10 episodes.^[1][2] In August 2014, it was reported that NBC would not be proceeding with the series.^[3] In April 2015, NBC reversed course and announced that the series would move forward under the leadership of executive producer and writer David Schulner.^[4]
• On December 3, 2015, NBC aired the live television production The Wiz Live! Produced by Craig Zadan and Neil Meron, it is a performance of a new adaptation of the 1975 Broadway musical The Wiz, a soul/R&B reinterpretation of L. Frank Baum's The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. The performance aired live from Grumman Studios in Bethpage, New York.^[5][6]

Theatre

• The Wizard of Oz, the first musical version of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, was produced by L. Frank Baum and W. W. Denslow (with music by composer Paul Tietjens) in Chicago in 1902 and moved to New York in 1903. It used many of the same characters, and was aimed more at adult audiences. It had a long, successful run on Broadway. Baum added numerous political references to the script, mentioning President Theodore Roosevelt, Senator Mark Hanna, and John D. Rockefeller by name.^[7] Many existing songs that had nothing to do with the story were interpolated. Baum followed with two additional Oz musicals, The Woggle-Bug (1905) and The Tik-Tok Man of Oz (1913). Both were panned as rehashes rather than sequels; Tik-Tok did better than The Woggle-Bug but neither made it to Broadway.
• The Wizard of Oz is a 1942 musical using songs from the 1939 film. It was adapted by Frank Gabrielson for the St. Louis Municipal Opera. The piece continues to receive frequent revivals.^[8][9]
• In 1959, the popular ice skating show Holiday on Ice included a condensed version of The Wizard of Oz.^[10]
• The Wiz is a 1975 musical with music and lyrics by Charlie Smalls, exclusively featuring African American actors. Stephanie Mills starred as Dorothy in the original Broadway cast. The production won the 1975 Tony Award for Best Musical. Geoffrey Holder directed a 1984 Broadway revival, which also featured Mills as Dorothy.
• The Marvelous Land of Oz is a 1981 musical by Thomas W. Olson, Gary Briggle and Richard Dworsky. The original production, which included Briggle as the Scarecrow, was taped and shown on television.
• The Wizard of Oz is a 1987 adaptation by John Kane for the Royal Shakespeare Company based on the novel and 1939 film, which hews more closely to the film's screenplay than the 1942 version. This show ran through 1989 and continues to be frequently revived and toured.^[11][12]
• The Wizard of A.I.D.S. is a 1987 adaptation of the Oz story which serves as an AIDS education tool.
• The Wizard of Oz Live (1989–1990) is an arena touring production in celebration of the film's 50th anniversary. The production featured a pre-recorded soundtrack.
• The Wizard of Oz in Concert: Dreams Come True was a 1995 concert performance of the Royal Shakespeare Company's adaptation at Lincoln Center, featuring celebrity actors such as Jewel as Dorothy, Jackson Browne as the Scarecrow, Roger Daltrey as the Tin Man, Nathan Lane as the Lion, and Joel Grey as the Wizard (a role he later reprised in Wicked). The production also featured Debra Winger, Natalie Cole, and Lucie Arnaz.
• The Wizard of Oz on Tour was a 1998 touring production of the 1987 RSC version that originally played in the Madison Square Garden theatre in May 1997. Roseanne Barr was the Wicked Witch, replaced by Eartha Kitt in 1998 and JoAnne Worley and Liliane Montevecchi in 1999. Mickey Rooney was the Wizard. The production played at Madison Square Garden from May 1997 to May 1999. The touring production ran from May 1998 to late 1999.
• Wicked (2003–Present) is a 2003 Broadway and West End musical based on the book Wicked: The Life and Times of the Wicked Witch of the West by Gregory Maguire. Universal Pictures had bought film rights to the 1995 novel when composer and lyricist Stephen Schwartz convinced the company to adapt the novel into a musical instead. Schwartz wrote Wicked's music and lyrics and it premiered on Broadway in October 2003.^[13]
• The Wonderful Wizard of Oz (musical) is a 2000 musical that premiered in Toronto. The show was revived in 2002 and again in 2010.
• The Wizard of Oz is a 2011 West End musical, building on the 1939 film songs and script with new material by Tim Rice and Andrew Lloyd Webber. It began previews on February 7, 2011 and officially opened on March 1. Danielle Hope, of the BBC television Series Over the Rainbow, appeared as Dorothy. Michael Crawford plays the role of the Wizard.
• The Royal New Zealand Ballet premiered a Wizard of Oz ballet in May 2016 at the St. James Theatre, Wellington using a score created by composer Francis Poulenc. The ballet then toured New Zealand throughout May and June 2016.^[14]
• In 2015, a Costa Rican adaptation of both the novel and the 1939 film titled "El OH!8" was premiered. The stage play is an open critic to the country's laws against LGBT marriage, using the original plot and similar musical numbers.

Books

There are over 40 canonical Oz books, including 14 by Baum, all of which are considered "official" sequels or prequels to The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. In addition, the following books use the Oz milieu as settings for their tales:

• The Wizard of the Emerald City, a 1939 children's novel by Russian writer Alexander Melentyevich Volkov, is a loose translation of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz. It was adapted into animated series (1973)^[15] and a live action film (1994).^[16] It has five sequels by the same author.
• The Number of the Beast is a science fiction novel written by Robert A. Heinlein in 1980. The story uses Oz as one of many alternate universe settings in which events take place, alongside alternate versions of the setting's Earth.
• A Barnstormer in Oz is a 1982 novel by Philip José Farmer in which a pilot named Hank Stover, who is Dorothy's son, is transported to Oz when his plane becomes lost in a green cloud over Kansas.
• Was, Geoff Ryman's 1992 parallel novel, imagines three interwoven narratives: one of a real-life "Dorothy Gael" whose experiences are far from wonderful, the second loosely based on Judy Garland's own childhood, and the third story featuring a gay male actor who loves the 1939 film. Was was republished in 2014 by Small Beer Press.
• Home from Oz (Thomas Nelson, 1994) and The Oz Syndrome (Hillcrest Publishers, 2001) are two books penned by psychologist and professor, Dr.Michael A. O'Donnell which deal with the Oz characters and the MGM musical version from a psychological point of view.
• Wicked: The Life and Times of the Wicked Witch of the West, a revisionist look at the land and characters of Oz, was published in 1995 by Gregory Maguire. Instead of depicting Dorothy, the novel focuses on Elphaba, the future Wicked Witch of the West. The Independent characterized the novel as "an adult read reflecting on the nature of being an outcast, society's pressures to conform, and the effects of oppression and fascism".^[13] Wicked has three sequels: Son of a Witch (2005), A Lion Among Men (2008) and Out of Oz (2011). Wicked was adapted into a 2003 stage musical.
• Oz Reimagined: New Tales from the Emerald City and Beyond is a 2013 anthology edited by Douglas Cohen & John Joseph Adams published by Amazon Publishing's 47North imprint.^[17]
• Dorothy Must Die is a 2014 young adult book by Danielle Paige and makes up part of the Dorothy Must Die series made up of: No Place Like Oz, The Witch Must Burn and The Wizard Returns, were published together in March 2015. The fourth novella, Heart of Tin, The Straw King and Ruler of Beasts, were released in a paperback book titled "Dorothy Must Die Stories: Volume #2" in June 28, 2016. A sequel titled The Wicked Will Rise was published on March 30, 2015, following the events of Dorothy Must Die. The third installment of the series titled Yellow Brick War was published on March 15, 2016. A fourth book is planned to be released sometime in 2017.

Comics

• MGM's Marvelous Wizard of Oz was the first joint publishing venture between DC Comics and Marvel Comics.^[18]
• Marvel Treasury of Oz printed The Marvelous Land of Oz.
• One of the issues of Classics Illustrated Junior was a condensed version of The Wizard of Oz.
• The comic book series Oz Squad features an adult Dorothy and her original companions from The Wonderful Wizard of Oz as a covert operations group protecting Oz from threats both within its borders and from the "real world".
• The Oz-Wonderland War is a comics story in which the people of Oz fight together with the characters of Lewis Carrol's Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and Through the Looking-Glass against the villainous Nome King.
• Dorothy of Oz (Korean:Dorosi) is a manhwa (Korean comic) by Son Hee-joon about an ordinary girl named Mara Shin who winds up in a science-fantasy realm called "Oz". She meets up with this realm's version of the Scarecrow, the Tin Woodsman and the Cowardly Lion, and follows the Yellow Brick Road to find her way home.^[19]
• The comic book Dorothy was launched by Illusive Arts Entertainment in November 2005. Presented in semi-fumetti style using digitally altered photographs, this retelling of Baum's story has been updated to 2005 and features model Catie Fisher as 16-year-old Dorothy Gale, a disaffected youth with dyed hair and piercings who steals her uncle's car and runs away from home; until she encounters a tornado and is knocked unconscious.
• An erotic re-telling of the story is featured in Lost Girls, a graphic novel by Alan Moore and Melinda Gebbie first published in its entirety in 2006. In this book, an adult Dorothy meets Alice from Alice's Adventures in Wonderland and Wendy Darling from Peter Pan and the trio recount the stories of their respective works as allegories for their sexual awakenings.
• The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, published by Marvel Comics.
• Marvel Fairy Tales features a retelling of The Wizard of Oz starring Marvel characters, such as She-Hulk as Dorothy and the Scarlet Witch as the Wicked Witch of the West.

Games

• The Wonderful Game of Oz, a board game published in 1921 by Parker Brothers.^[20]
• The Wizard of Oz, a 1985 illustrated text adventure game for Apple II, Commodore 64 and DOS systems,^[21][22] which combined elements of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz and The Marvelous Land of Oz. It was published by Windham Classics, a subsidiary of Spinnaker Software.
• The Wizard of Oz, a 1993 video game for the Super NES, based on the 1939 film.
• The Wizard of Oz, a coin pusher game found in video arcades.
• Wizard of Land Oz (Волшебник страны Оз), a 1997 ZX Spectrum adventure game by Famous Faces Factory.^[23]
• Irozuki Tincle no Koi no Balloon Trip, a Japanese game which is a spin-off of the Legend of Zelda series. It features Tingle teaming up with a tin woman, a scarecrow and a cowardly lion to cross the land. Released in 2009.
• Emerald City Confidential, a point-and-click adventure game developed by Wadjet Eye Games and published by casual game portal PlayFirst. Released in 2009.
• RIZ-ZOAWD, a Japanese role-playing video game for the Nintendo DS, released in the US as The Wizard of Oz: Beyond the Yellow Brick Road.^[24] Released in 2008.
• Wizard of Oz Slots game found in Casinos. The game is a five-reel video slot machine with bonus feature rounds, produced by WMS (WIlliams Gaming). Released in 2013.
• The Card Game of Oz, a 2014 game created by James C. O'Connor under his Orion's Bell label.^[25] The game is based on the original books. Series 1, "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz", was released in May 2014. Series 2, "The Marvelous Land of Oz", was released in August 2014 as an expansion.
• The crossover-genre video game Lego Dimensions features a world based on the 1939 film.

Other media

• In 1967, The Seekers recorded "Emerald City", with lyrics about a visit there, set to the melody of Beethoven's "Ode to Joy".
• Todd McFarlane created a sinister toy series called Twisted Land of Oz that portrays all of the characters as more sinister (such as the monster Toto) and adult oriented (BDSM Dorothy).^[26]
• The rock band Aerosmith put some original audios from the 1939 movie and Steven Tyler's voice repeating some quotes of the characters in the song The Farm in the album 'Nine Lives' from 1997.
• Walt Disney originally wanted to make an animated version of The Wizard Of Oz to serve as the follow-up to Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs,^[27] but the film rights were bought by Samuel Goldwyn, who originally intended to make it as a standard musical comedy, with Eddie Cantor as his star. However, Goldwyn ended up selling the rights to MGM.
• The Felice Brothers wrote a song called "Don't Wake the Scarecrow" which features several references to The Wizard of Oz.
• American McGee's Oz was a darkly, twisted series of figurines based on Baum's original Wizard of Oz characters. Interestingly, this series was released before McFarlane's. This series was supposed to help McGee launch a franchise around this interpretation, following up with a film, game, etc.
• Stargate SG-1 has several verbal references to The Wizard of Oz, including Colonel Jack O'Neill calling Samantha Carter "Dorothy" when she defeated one of the show's villains.
• The band Scissor Sisters released a song on their self-titled album called "Return to Oz", referencing the sequel.
• The John Boorman film Zardoz derives its title from the Wizard of Oz (The WiZARD of OZ).^[28]
• Elton John's album Goodbye Yellow Brick Road is a clear reference to The Wizard of Oz.
• The Wiyos's album Twist is an original song cycle loosely based on The Wizard of Oz.^[29]
• The band Blues Traveler's video of the song "Run-Around" has a Wizard of Oz motif, with Blues Traveler playing behind a curtain in a nightclub while a young, "hip" and more "photogenic" group appears to be playing the song.
• The band The Good Life's video for the song "Heartbroke" has characters from The Wizard of Oz going to a pastry/ice cream shop. There are two versions to this video; a "nice" version and a "mean" version. In the "nice" version the characters pretend to rob the shop but then purchase treats. In the "mean" version they violently rob the store, but the Scarecrow (who was supposed to be the getaway car) does not make it on time due to a flat tire and the would-be robbers get arrested.
• The Black Eyed Peas music video "Imma Be Rocking That Body" has claimed to be the futuristic version of "The Wizard of Oz".^[30]
• Ray Bradbury's Short Story The Exiles mentions the Emerald City and its inhabitants existing alongside other famous literary characters and locales on a martian colony.
• A full-length silent film version of The Wizard of Oz—complete with subtitles—was produced, directed, acted and completed—in 1973 by college students in La Grande, Oregon. For several years it was shown at Eastern Oregon College (now Eastern Oregon University) during homecoming.
• In the web series, RWBY, the character Ozpin alludes to the Wizard of Oz. The combination of this character's name and his status as the headmaster of Beacon Academy alludes to the initials of the Wizard's name, OZPINHEAD.

References