Acetylpropionyl
 | |
| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name
2,3-Pentanedione | |
| Identifiers | |
| 600-14-6 | |
| 3D model (Jmol) | Interactive image |
| ChemSpider | 11254 |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.009.078 |
| PubChem | 11747 |
| |
| |
| Properties | |
| C5H8O2 | |
| Molar mass | 100.12 g·mol−1 |
| Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). | |
| Infobox references | |
Acetylpropionyl, also known as acetyl propionyl or 2,3-pentanedione,[1] is an organic compound, more specifically a diketone.[2]
Uses for acetylpropionyl include:
- a solvent for cellulose acetate, paints, inks, and lacquers,
- a starting material for dyes, pesticides, and drugs,
- and a flavor, with an odor described as "buttery, cheesy, sweet, nutty, fruity, creamy, caramel".[3]
Safety
As a flavoring agent, it is a controversial[4] ingredient in some e-liquid products for use with electronic cigarettes. According to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health , inhalation of acetylpropionyl causes respiratory tract epithelial damage and fibrosis to lungs in animal studies. It also causes genetic changes in the animals' brains.[5] Acetylpropionyl was found to cause both intraluminal and intramural fibrotic airway lesions in rats.[6] One study of the composition of 159 different e-liquid products, performed by Farsalinos et al., concluded that the use of acetylpropionyl and diacetyl in E-liquids represents an avoidable risk, and additionally that proper measures should be taken by E-liquid manufacturers and flavoring suppliers to eliminate these hazards from the products.[7]
See also
- Diacetyl, a similar diketone
References
- ↑ http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/2_3-pentanedione#section=Top
- ↑ Hardo Siegel, Manfred Eggersdorfer "Ketones" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2005, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim.doi:10.1002/14356007.a15_077
- ↑ http://www.chemicalland21.com/lifescience/foco/2,3-PENTANEDIONE.htm
- ↑ http://www.nicvape.com/blog/A-Very-Important-Message-from-NicVape
- ↑ "CDC - Flavorings-Related Lung Disease: Exposures to Flavoring Chemicals - NIOSH Workplace Safety and Health Topic". www.cdc.gov. Retrieved 2015-10-22.
- ↑ Morgan, D. L.; Jokinen, M. P.; Price, H. C.; Gwinn, W. M.; Palmer, S. M.; Flake, G. P. (2012). "Bronchial and bronchiolar fibrosis in rats exposed to 2,3-pentanedione vapors: Implications for bronchiolitis obliterans in humans". Toxicologic Pathology. 40 (3): 448–65. doi:10.1177/0192623311431946. PMID 22215510.
- ↑ Farsalinos, Konstantinos (2014-08-20). "Evaluation of Electronic Cigarette Liquids and Aerosol for the Presence of Selected Inhalation Toxins". Nicotine and Tobacco Research. Oxford Journals. Retrieved 2015-04-06.