Abrolhos Archipelago

Abrolhos Archipelago

Native name: <span class="nickname" ">Arquipélago de Abrolhos
Sueste Island
Geography
Location	Atlantic Ocean
Coordinates	17°55′34″S 38°56′07″W / 17.92611°S 38.93528°W / -17.92611; -38.93528Coordinates: 17°55′34″S 38°56′07″W / 17.92611°S 38.93528°W / -17.92611; -38.93528
Archipelago	Arquipélago de Abrolhos
Total islands	5
Major islands	Santa Bárbara
Area	50.0 km2 (19.3 sq mi)
Administration
Brazil
Region	Southeast
State	Bahia
Administration	1st Naval District of the Brazilian Navy
Demographics
Population	uninhabited
Additional information
Official website	Abrolhos website
Abrolhos Archipelago (Atlantic Ocean)

The Abrolhos Archipelago are a group of 5 small islands with coral reefs off the southern coast of Bahia state in the northeast of Brazil, between 17º25’—18º09’ S and 38º33’—39º05’ W. Caravelas is the nearest town.^[1] Their name comes from the Portuguese: abrolho ("Abre Olhos" meaning: Open your eyes),^[2] a rock awash or submerged sandbank that is a danger to ships. There is a conspicuous shipwreck in the group.

History

These islets were surveyed by Baron Roussin. As part of the instructions for the second survey voyage of HMS Beagle, the Admiralty noted "the great importance of knowing the true position of the Abrolhos Banks, and the certainty that they extend much further out than the limits assigned to them by Baron Roussin", and asked Captain Robert FitzRoy to take soundings and establish the position of the reefs.^[3] The work was carried out from 27 to 30 March 1832, giving Charles Darwin the opportunity to examine the wildlife and geology of the islands.^[4]

Features

Islands

• Ilha de Santa Bárbara, the largest island. There is a Brazilian Navy military outpost and a lighthouse.
• Ilha Siriba, the only island open to visitors
• Ilha Redonda
• Ilha Guarita
• Ilha Sueste

Submerged banks

• Parcel dos Abrolhos, a large submerged reef extending from north to south east of the archipelago. Located 5 kilometres (3.1 miles) to the east of Santa Barbara Island, its limits are not well defined.^[5]
• Parcel das Paredes, located to the northwest of the archipelago and the largest feature of the wider Abrolhos.^[6]
• Sebastiao Gomes Reef, Coroa Vermelha Reef and Viçosa Reef, located to the southwest of the Parcel das Paredes.
• Timbebas Reef, located to the north near the coast.

Wildlife

The extensive reefs of the island group are an area of rich marine fauna. The uninhabited islets are a breeding ground for pelagic birds.^[7]

The Abrolhos Marine National Park (Portuguese: Parque Nacional Marinho dos Abrolhos) is a Marine Park located in the Abrolhos Archipelago since 1983. It is strictly forbidden to disembark on Ilha Guarita and Ilha Suest.^[8]

Views

View of Ilha de Santa Barbara.

View of Ilha Redonda in the Abrolhos Archipelago.

A humpback whale in the waters of the Abrolhos area.

Southern right whales are recovering and visiting Abrolhos in small numbers.[9]

See also

• Placer (geography)

Notes

References

• FitzRoy, Robert (1839), Narrative of the surveying voyages of His Majesty's Ships Adventure and Beagle between the years 1826 and 1836, describing their examination of the southern shores of South America, and the Beagle's circumnavigation of the globe. Proceedings of the second expedition, 1831-36, under the command of Captain Robert Fitz-Roy, R.N., II, London: Henry Colburn, retrieved 2011-12-31 
• Keynes, Richard (2001), Charles Darwin's Beagle Diary, Cambridge University Press, retrieved 2011-12-31 

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Abrolhos Islands.

• Satellite photo (Google)
• Abrolhos Isle Portal
• Abrolhos - The South Atlantic Largest Coral Reef Complex