98th United States Congress
| 98th United States Congress | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The Ninety-eighth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from January 3, 1983 to January 3, 1985, during the third and fourth years of Ronald Reagan's Presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Twentieth Census of the United States in 1980. The Republicans controlled the Senate, while the Democrats controlled the House of Representatives.
Major events
- February 24, 1983: A special commission of the Congress released a report critical of the practice of Japanese internment during World War II.
- March 23, 1983: President Ronald Reagan made his Strategic Defense Initiative proposal.
- April 18, 1983: U.S. Embassy bombed in Beirut, killing 63 people.
- October 23, 1983: Simultaneous suicide truck-bombings destroyed both the French and the United States Marine Corps barracks in Beirut, killing 241 U.S. servicemen, 58 French paratroopers and 6 Lebanese civilians.
- October 25, 1983: United States troops invaded Grenada
- November 6, 1984:
- United States presidential election, 1984: Re-election of Ronald Reagan
- United States Senate elections, 1984: Republicans retained Senate, but lost 2 seats
- United States House of Representatives elections, 1984: Democrats retained House, but lost 16 seats
Major legislation
- April 20, 1983: Social Security Amendments of 1983, Pub.L. 98–21
- November 2, 1983: Martin Luther King, Jr. Day law, Pub.L. 98–399
- July 17, 1984: Land Remote-Sensing Commercialization Act of 1984, Pub.L. 98–365
- July 17, 1984: National Minimum Drinking Age Act, Pub.L. 98–363
- September 28, 1984: Voting Accessibility for the Elderly and Handicapped Act, Pub.L. 98–435
- October 12, 1984: Comprehensive Crime Control Act, Pub.L. 98–473, title II
- October 19, 1984: National Archives and Records Administration Act, Pub.L. 98–497
- October 19, 1984: Aviation Drug-Trafficking Control Act of 1984, Pub.L. 98–499
- October 30, 1984: Commercial Space Launch Act of 1984, Pub.L. 98–575
Party summary
Senate
Party standings at the end of the 98th Congress
| Affiliation | Members | |
|---|---|---|
| Republican Party | 54, then 55 | |
| Democratic Party | 46, then 45 | |
| Total | 100 | |
House of Representatives
| House seats by party holding plurality in state | |
|---|---|
80.1–100% Democratic |
80.1–100% Republican |
60.1–80% Democratic |
60.1–80% Republican |
50.1–60% Democratic |
50.1–60% Republican |
| striped: 50–50 split | |
| Affiliation | Members | Voting share | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic Party | 272 | 62.5% | |
| Republican Party | 163 | 37.5% | |
| Total | 435 | ||
Leadership
Senate
Majority (Republican) leadership
- Majority Leader: Howard Baker
- Majority Whip: Ted Stevens
- Republican Conference Chairman: James A. McClure
Minority (Democratic) leadership
House of Representatives
- Speaker: Tip O'Neill (D)
Majority (Democratic) leadership
- Majority Leader: Jim Wright
- Majority Whip: Tom Foley
- Democratic Caucus Chairman: Gillis William Long
Minority (Republican) leadership
- Minority Leader: Robert H. Michel
- Minority Whip: Trent Lott
- Republican Conference Chairman: Jack Kemp
Caucuses
- Congressional Arts Caucus
- Congressional Black Caucus
- Congressional Hispanic Caucus
- Congressional Friends of Ireland Caucus
- Congressional Pediatric & Adult Hydrocephalus Caucus
- Congressional Travel & Tourism Caucus
- Congresswomen's Caucus
- House Democratic Caucus
Members
This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and Representatives are listed by district.
Senate
Senators are popularly elected statewide every two years, with approximately one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress.
House of Representatives
Changes in membership
Senate
| State (class) |
Vacator | Reason for change | Successor | Date of successor's formal installation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Washington (1) |
Henry M. "Scoop" Jackson (D) | Died September 1, 1983. Evans was then appointed to the seat before winning the special election on November 3, 1983. | Daniel J. Evans (R) | September 12, 1983 |
| Massachusetts (2) |
Paul Tsongas (D) | Resigned January 2, 1985. Kerry was elected for next term but was installed early to fill vacancy. | John Kerry (D) | January 2, 1985 |
House of Representatives
| District | Vacator | Reason for change | Successor | Date successor seated |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| New York's 7th | Benjamin S. Rosenthal (D) | Died January 4, 1983 | Gary Ackerman (D) | March 1, 1983 |
| Texas's 6th | Phil Gramm (D) | Resigned January 5, 1983 after being removed from the House Budget Committee for supporting President Ronald Reagan's tax cuts, and then elected to fill his own vacancy | Phil Gramm (R) | February 12, 1983 |
| California's 5th | Phillip Burton (D) | Died April 10, 1983 | Sala Burton (D) | June 21, 1983 |
| Illinois's 1st | Harold Washington (D) | Resigned April 30, 1983 after being installed as Mayor of Chicago | Charles Hayes (D) | August 23, 1983 |
| Georgia's 7th | Larry McDonald (D) | Died September 1, 1983 | George Darden (D) | November 8, 1983 |
| Wisconsin's 4th | Clement J. Zablocki (D) | Died December 3, 1983 | Jerry Kleczka (D) | April 3, 1984 |
| New Jersey's 13th | Edwin B. Forsythe (R) | Died March 29, 1984 | Jim Saxton (R) | November 6, 1984 |
| Florida's 10th | Andy Ireland (D) | Changed party affiliation July 5, 1984 | Andy Ireland (R) | July 5, 1984 |
| Kentucky's 7th | Carl D. Perkins (D) | Died August 3, 1984 | Carl C. Perkins (D) | November 6, 1984 |
| Illinois's 14th | Tom Corcoran (R) | Resigned November 28, 1984 | Vacant | Not filled this term |
Committees
Lists of committees and their party leaders.
Senate
- Aging (Special)
- Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry
- Soil and Water Conservation, Forestry and Environment
- Agricultural Credit and Rural Electrification
- Agricultural Production, Marketing and Stabilization of Prices
- Agricultural Research and General Legislation
- Rural Development, Oversight and Investigations
- Foreign Agricultural Policy
- Nutrition
- Appropriations
- Agriculture and Related Agencies
- Defense
- District of Columbia
- Energy and Water Development
- Foreign Operations
- HUD-Independent Agencies
- Interior
- Labor-Health, Education and Welfare
- Legislative Branch
- Military Construction
- Commerce, Justice, State and Judiciary
- Transportation
- Treasury, Postal Service and General Government
- Armed Services
- Military Construction
- Tactical Warfare
- Strategic and Theater Nuclear Forces
- Preparedness
- Sea Power and Force Projection
- Manpower and Personnel
- Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs
- Housing and Urban Affairs
- Financial Institutions
- International Finance and Monetary Policy
- Securities
- Economic Policy
- Consumer Affairs
- Rural Housing and Development
- Insurance
- Federal Credit Programs
- Budget
- Commerce, Science and Transportation
- Aviation
- Business, Trade and Tourism
- Communications
- Consumer
- Merchant Marine
- Science, Technology and Space
- Surface Transportation
- National Ocean Policy Study
- Energy and Natural Resources
- Energy Conservation and Supply
- Energy and Mineral Resources
- Energy Regulation
- Energy Research and Development
- Public Lands and Reserved Water
- Water and Power
- Environment and Public Works
- Environmental Pollution
- Nuclear Regulation
- Water Resources
- Transportation
- Toxic Substances and Environmental Oversight
- Regional and Community Development
- Ethics (Select)
- Finance
- Taxation and Debt Management
- International Trade
- Savings, Pensions and Investment Policy
- Economic Growth, Employment and Revenue
- Energy and Agricultural Taxation
- Health
- Social Security and Income Maintenance Programs
- Estate and Gift Taxation
- Oversight of the Internal Revenue Service
- Foreign Relations
- International Economic Policy
- African Affairs
- East Asian and Pacific Affairs
- Western Hemisphere Affairs
- Arms Control, Oceans, International Operations and Environment
- Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs
- European Affairs
- Governmental Affairs
- Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations
- Governmental Efficiency and the District of Columbia
- Energy, Nuclear Proliferation and Federal Services
- Information Management and Regulatory Affairs
- Intergovernmental Relations
- Civil Service, Post Office and General Services
- Oversight of Government Management
- Indian Affairs (Select)
- Judiciary
- Patents, Copyrights and Trademarks
- Criminal Law
- Constitution
- Courts
- Immigration and Refugee Policy
- Separation of Powers
- Administration Practice and Procedure
- Security and Terrorism
- Juvenile Justice
- Intelligence (Select)
- Labor and Human Resources
- Labor
- Education, Arts and Humanities
- Employment and Productivity
- Handicapped
- Alcoholism and Drug Abuse
- Aging
- Family and Human Services
- Nutrition and Human Needs (Select)
- Rules and Administration
- Senate Committee System (Special)
- Small Business
- Capital Formation and Detention
- Government Regulation and Paperwork
- Urban and Rural Economic Development
- Government Procurement
- Productivity and Competition
- Innovation and Technology
- Export Promotion and Market Development
- Small Business Family Farm
- Entrepreneurship and Special Problems Facing Small Business
- Veterans' Affairs
- Whole
House of Representatives
- Aging (Select)
- Agriculture
- Cotton, Rice and Sugar
- Livestock, Dairy and Poultry
- Tobacco and Peanuts
- Wheat, Soybeans and Feed Grains
- Conservation Credit and Rural Development
- Department Operations Research and Foreign Agriculture
- Domestic Marketing, Consumer Relations and Nutrition
- Forests, Family Farms and Energy
- Appropriations
- Agriculture, Rural Development and Related Agencies
- Commerce, Justice, State and the Judiciary
- Defense
- District of Columbia
- Energy and Water Development
- Foreign Operations
- HUD-Independent Agencies
- Interior
- Labor-Health and Human Services
- Legislative
- Military Construction
- Transportation
- Treasury, Postal Service and General Government
- Armed Services
- Research and Development
- Seapower, Strategic and Critical Materials
- Procurement and Military Nuclear Systems
- Investigations
- Readiness
- Military Personnel and Compensation
- Military Installations and Facilities
- Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs
- Financial Institutions Supervision, Regulation and Insurance
- Housing and Community Development
- General Oversight and Renegotiation
- Consumer Affairs and Coinage
- International Development Institutions and Finance
- Domestic Monetary Policy
- International Trade, Investment and Monetary Policy
- Economic Stabilization
- Budget
- Capital Resources and Development
- Energy and Technology
- Budget Process
- Education and Employment
- Federalism/State-Local Relations
- Economic Policy and Growth
- Tax Policy
- Entitlements, Uncontrollables and Indexing
- International Finance and Trade
- Children, Youth and Families (Select)
- District of Columbia
- Fiscal Affairs and Health
- Government Operations and Metropolitan Affairs
- Judiciary and Education
- Education and Labor
- Elementary, Secondary and Vocational Education
- Employment Opportunities
- Labor-Management Relations
- Health and Safety
- Human Resources
- Postsecondary Education
- Labor Standards
- Select Education
- Energy and Commerce
- Oversight and Investigations
- Energy Conservation and Power
- Health and the Environment
- Telecommunications, Consumer Protection and Finance
- Fossil and Synthetic Fuels
- Commerce, Transportation and Tourism
- Foreign Affairs
- International Security and Scientific Affairs
- International Operations
- Europe and the Middle East
- Human Rights and International Organizations
- Asian and Pacific Affairs
- International Economic Policy and Trade
- Western Hemisphere Affairs
- Africa
- Government Operations
- Legislation and National Security
- Government Activities and Transportation
- Government Information and Individual Rights
- Ingovernmental Relations and Human Resources
- Environment, Energy and Natural Resources
- Commerce, Consumer and Monetary Affairs
- Manpower and Housing
- House Administration
- Accounts
- Contracts and Printing
- Services
- Office Systems
- Personnel and Police
- Insular Affairs
- Energy and the Environment
- Water and Power Resources
- Public Lands and National Lands
- Insular Affairs
- Mining, Forest Management and Bonneville Power Administration
- Oversight and Investigations
- Judiciary
- Immigration
- Courts
- Monopolies
- Administrative Law
- Civil and Constitutional Rights
- Crime
- Criminal Justice
- Merchant Marine and Fisheries
- Merchant Marine
- Fisheries, Wildlife Conservation and the Environment
- Coast Guard and Navigation
- Panama Canal and Outer Continental Stuff
- Oceangraphy
- Narcotics Abuse and Control (Select)
- Post Office and Civil Service
- Investigations
- Postal Operations and Services
- Civil Service
- Census and Population
- Postal Personnel and Modernization
- Compensation and Employee Benefits
- Human Resources
- Public Works and Transportation
- Aviation
- Economic Development
- Investigations and Oversight
- Public Buildings and Grounds
- Surface Transportation
- Water Resources
- Rules
- The Legislative Process
- Rules of the House
- Science and Technology
- Energy Development and Applications
- Natural Resources, Agriculture Research and Environment
- Energy Research and Production
- Science, Research and Technology
- Transportation, Aviation and Materials
- Investigations and Oversight
- Space Science and Applications
- Small Business
- SBA and SBIC Authority, Minority Enterprise and General Small Business Problems
- General Oversight and the Economy
- Antitrust and Restraint of Trade Activities affecting Small Business
- Energy, Environment and Safety Issues affecting Small Business
- Tax, Access to Equity Capital and Business Opportunities
- Export Opportunities and Special Small Business Problems
- Standards of Official Conduct
- Veterans' Affairs
- Oversight and Investigations
- Medical Facilities and Benefits
- Education, Training and Employment
- Compensation, Pension and Insurance
- Housing and Memorial Affairs
- Ways and Means
- Trade
- Social Security
- Oversight
- Select Revenue Measures
- Health
- Public Assistance and Unemployment Compensation
- Whole
Joint committees
Employees and legislative agency directors
Legislative branch agency directors
- Architect of the Capitol: George M. White
- Attending Physician of the United States Congress: Freeman H. Cary
- Comptroller General of the United States: Charles A. Bowsher
- Director of the Congressional Budget Office: Alice M. Rivlin (until August 31, 1983), Rudolph G. Penner (starting September 1)
- Librarian of Congress: Daniel J. Boorstin
- Public Printer of the United States: Danford L. Sawyer, Jr. (until 1984), Ralph E. Kennickell, Jr. (starting 1984)
Senate
- Chaplain: Richard C. Halverson
- Historian: Richard A. Baker
- Parliamentarian: Bob Dove
- Secretary: W.F. Hildenbrand
- Secretary for the Majority: Howard O. Greene, Jr.
- Secretary for the Minority: Patrick J. Griffin
- Sergeant at Arms: Howard S. Liebengood (until September 13, 1983) Larry E. Smith (starting September 13, 1983)
House of Representatives
- Chaplain: James David Ford
- Clerk: Benjamin J. Guthrie
- Doorkeeper: James T. Molloy
- Historian: Ray Smock
- Parliamentarian: William H. Brown
- Postmaster: Robert V. Rota
- Sergeant at Arms: Jack Russ
See also
- United States elections, 1982 (elections leading to this Congress)
- United States elections, 1984 (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
References
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1989). The Historical Atlas of Political Parties in the United States Congress. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
- Martis, Kenneth C. (1982). The Historical Atlas of United States Congressional Districts. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company.
External links
- Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
- U.S. House of Representatives: Congressional History
- U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists
- House of Representatives Session Calendar for the 98th Congress (PDF).
- Congressional Pictorial Directory for the 98th Congress.
- Official Congressional Directory for the 98th Congress.
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