919th Special Operations Wing

919th Special Operations Wing
Wing MC-130E[note 1]
Active	1963–1965; 1971–present
Country	United States
Branch	United States Air Force
Type	Wing
Role	Special Operations
Size	1,300 personnel
Part of	Air Force Reserve Command
Garrison/HQ	Duke Field, Florida
Decorations	Air Force Outstanding Unit Award
Commanders
Current commander	Colonel James M. Phillips
Insignia
919 Special Operations Wing emblem (approved 21 August 1980)[1]
Aircraft flown
Transport	MC-130E Combat Talon

The 919th Special Operations Wing is an Air Reserve Component (ARC) of the United States Air Force. It is assigned to the Tenth Air Force, of Air Force Reserve Command, stationed at Duke Field (Eglin Air Force Auxiliary Field #3), Florida.

The 919th SOW is an associate unit of the 1st Special Operations Wing, Air Force Special Operations Command (AFSOC) and if mobilized the wing is gained by AFSOC.

Overview

The 919th SOW employs about 1,300 reservists. Air reserve technicians, commonly referred to as ARTs, are the nucleus of the wing. They provide management continuity to keep the units combat ready. ARTs carry dual status as full-time civil service employees for the Air Force who, as a condition of employment, must participate as reservists. More than 280 ARTs and 35 civilians support the wing in day-to-day operations.

History

Need for reserve troop carrier groups

During the first half of 1955, the Air Force began detaching Air Force Reserve squadrons from their parent wing locations to separate sites. The concept offered several advantages. Communities were more likely to accept the smaller squadrons than the large wings and the location of separate squadrons in smaller population centers would facilitate recruiting and manning. Continental Air Command (ConAC)'s plan called for placing Air Force Reserve units at fifty-nine installations located throughout the United States. When these relocations were completed in 1959, reserve wing headquarters and wing support elements would typically be on one base, along with one (or in some cases two) of the wing's flying squadrons, while the remaining flying squadrons were spread over thirty-five Air Force, Navy and civilian airfields under what was called the Detached Squadron Concept.^[2]

Although this dispersal was not a problem when the entire wing was called to active service, mobilizing a single flying squadron and elements to support it proved difficult. This weakness was demonstrated in the partial mobilization of reserve units during the Berlin Crisis of 1961 To resolve this, at the start of 1962, ConAC determined to reorganize its reserve wings by establishing groups with support elements for each of its troop carrier squadrons. This reorganization would facilitate mobilization of elements of wings in various combinations when needed. However, as this plan was entering its implementation phase, another partial mobilization occurred for the Cuban missile crisis, with the units being released on 22 November 1962. The formation of troop carrier groups occurred in January 1963 for units that had not been mobilized, but was delayed until February for those that had been.^[3]

Activation of 919th Troop Carrier Group

As a result, the 919th Troop Carrier Group was established at Memphis Municipal Airport, Tennessee on 11 February 1963 as the headquarters for the 701st Troop Carrier Squadron, which had been stationed there since November 1957.^[4] Along with group headquarters, a Combat Support Squadron, Materiel Squadron and a Tactical Infirmary were organized to support the 701st.

The group's mission was to organize, recruit and train Air Force Reserve personnel in the tactical airlift of airborne forces, their equipment and supplies and delivery of these forces and materials by airdrop, landing or cargo extraction systems. The group was equipped with Fairchild C-123 Providers for Tactical Air Command airlift operations.

The 919th was one of three groups assigned to the 445th Troop Carrier Wing in 1963, the others being the 918th Troop Carrier Group at Dobbins Air Force Base, Georgia, and 920th Troop Carrier Group, also at Memphis Municipal Airport, Tennessee.

The 919th was renamed the 919th Tactical Airlift Group and equipped with the Lockheed C-130A Hercules, and based at Duke Field, Florida, from 1971, it performed airlift of personnel and cargo, in addition to airdropping United States Army paratroopers during exercises from 1971 to 1974.

Special Operations

Redesignated the 919th Special Operations Group on 1 July 1975,^[5] the group began transitioning to the Lockheed AC-130A Spectre aircraft and training for gunship operations, with close air support as a primary duty, but included ability to perform armed interdiction, reconnaissance, and escort, forward air control and combat search and rescue in conventional or unconventional warfare setting. Redesignated the 919th Special Operations Group, the command was later upgraded to wing status and renamed the 919th Special Operations Wing. In addition to its primary combat duties, the 919th also provided range clearing support for missile launches at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station and along the Eastern Test Range from 1979 to 1989 and for NASA space shuttle launches at the John F. Kennedy Space Center from 1981 to 1988.

The group's 711th Special Operations Squadron hit key facilities and provided cover for U.S. Army troops during the invasion of Panama, December 1989 – January 1990. On 1 April 1990 the 919th gained a second special operations squadron, the 71st, located at Davis-Monthan Air Force Base, Arizona. Both squadrons participated in the conflict in Southwest Asia: the 71 SOS, flying HH-3Es deployed 12 January 1991 – 16 March 1991 and the 711 SOS, flying AC-130As, deployed 7 February – 12 March. In addition, the 711 SOS used their AC-130s to fly cargo and passengers. The 919 SOW lost the 71 SOS on 1 October 1993, but in late 1994, gained the 5th Special Operations Squadron (5 SOS). The 5 SOS began to receive their MC-130P Combat Shadow aircraft in April 1995 and trained for special operations, aerial refueling of special operations helicopters, and resupply missions. The 711 SOS transitioned from AC-130A gunships to MC-130E Combat Talon I aircraft beginning in October 1995 and trained for a primary mission of infiltration, exfiltration and resupply of special operations forces. Periodically the wing deployed personnel and aircraft to support special operations forces in contingency operations worldwide, in addition to numerous humanitarian deployments. The 919th has conducted flight training in MC-130E Combat Talon I for both Air Force Special Operations Command and Air Force Reserve Command since 1 October 1997.

An Air Force news release dated 18 April 2013 announced the final flight of the wing's MC-130E aircraft, which will be flown to the "boneyard" at Davis-Monthan AFB, Arizona. The Combat Talons are being replaced with PZL C-145A Skytruck aircraft which have already arrived at Duke Field.^[6]

In 2015, the 711th shares a building, flightline, aircraft and mission with the active-duty 6th Special Operations Squadron at Duke Field.^[7]

Current units include:

• 919th Special Operations Group

2d Special Operations Squadron (Hurlburt Field

5th Special Operations Squadron (Hurlburt Field)

711th Special Operations Squadron

• 919th Special Operations Maintenance Group
• 919th Special Operations Mission Support Group
• 919th Special Operations Medical Squadron

Lineage

• Established as the 919th Troop Carrier Group, Assault and activated on 15 January 1963 (not organized)

Organized in the Reserve on 11 February 1963

Discontinued and inactivated on 15 December 1965

• Redesignated 919th Tactical Airlift Group on 17 June 1971

Activated in the Reserve on 30 July 1971

Redesignated 919th Special Operations Group on 1 July 1975

Redesignated 919th Special Operations Wing on 1 August 1992^[1]

Assignments

• Continental Air Command, 15 January 1963 (not organized)
• 445th Troop Carrier Wing (later 445th Air Transport Wing), 11 February 1963 – 15 December 1965
• 459th Tactical Airlift Wing, 30 July 1971
• Eastern Air Force Reserve Region, 1 December 1974
• Tenth Air Force, 8 October 1976
• Fourth Air Force, 1 March 1983
• Tenth Air Force, 1 July 1994 – present^[1]

Components

• 919th Operations Group (later 919th Special Operations Group): 1 August 1992 – present
• 71st Special Operations Squadron: 1 April 1990 – 1 August 1992
• 701st Troop Carrier Squadron: 11 February 1963 – 15 December 1965
• 711th Tactical Airlift Squadron (later Special Operations Squadron): 30 July 1971 – 1 August 1992^[1]

Stations

• Memphis Municipal Airport, Tennessee, 11 February 1963 – 15 December 1965
• Eglin Air Force Base Auxiliary Field #3 (Duke Field), Florida, 30 July 1971 – present^[1]

Aircraft

References

Notes

Citations

Bibliography

 This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency website http://www.afhra.af.mil/.

• Cantwell, Gerald T. (1997). Citizen Airmen: a History of the Air Force Reserve, 1946-1994 (PDF). Washington, D.C.: Air Force History and Museums Program. ISBN 0-16049-269-6. Retrieved October 1, 2014. 
• Maurer, Maurer, ed. (1982) [1969]. Combat Squadrons of the Air Force, World War II (PDF) (reprint ed.). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-405-12194-6. LCCN 70605402. OCLC 72556. 
• Ravenstein, Charles A. (1984). Air Force Combat Wings, Lineage & Honors Histories 1947-1977 (PDF). Washington, DC: Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-912799-12-9. 

External links

• 919 SOW Home Page

United States Air Force
Leadership	Secretary of the Air Force Under Secretary of the Air Force Chief of Staff Vice Chief of Staff Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force 4-star generals House Armed Services Committee House Subcommittee on Air and Land Forces Senate Committee on Armed Services Senate Subcommittee on Air and Land Forces
Structure	Commands Reserve Air National Guard Field Operating Agencies Installations Direct Reporting Units District of Washington Operational Test and Evaluation Center USAF Academy Major Commands Air Combat Air Education and Training Air Mobility Global Strike Materiel Reserve Space Special Operations Europe & Africa Pacific Numbered Air Forces First Second Third Fourth Fifth Seventh Eighth Ninth Tenth Eleventh Twelfth Fourteenth Seventeenth Eighteenth Nineteenth Twentieth Twenty-Second Twenty-Third Twenty-Fourth Twenty-Fifth Wings ANG Groups ANG Squadrons ANG Security forces Civilian auxiliary: Civil Air Patrol
Personnel and training	Airmen Rank Officers Enlisted Specialty Code Aeronautical ratings Judge Advocate General's Corps RED HORSE Medical Service Chief of Chaplains Chief Scientist Training: USAF Academy Officer Training School Reserve Officer Training Corps Basic Training Airman Leadership School SERE Fitness Assessment
Uniforms and equipment	Awards and decorations Badges Equipment Uniforms
History and traditions	History Army Air Service / Corps / Forces "The U.S. Air Force" Air Force Band The Airmen of Note Tops In Blue Airman's Creed Core Values Flag Symbol Memorial National Museum Air Force One Honor Guard Thunderbirds Service numbers
Category Portal

Air Force Reserve Command (AFRC)
Air Forces	Fourth Tenth Twenty-Second
Bases	Dobbins Duke Field General Mitchell Grissom Homestead March Minneapolis-Saint Paul Niagara Falls Pittsburgh Westover Youngstown
Command	Air Reserve Personnel Center
Wings/Groups	Air Refueling 434th 459th 507th 916th 939th 940th Airlift 94th 302d 315th 433d 439th 440th 445th 446th 512th 908th 910th 911th 914th 927th 932d 934th Fighter 301st 414th 419th 442d 476th 477th 482d 944th other 310th Space 349th Air Mobility 403d 452d Air Mobility 514th Air Mobility 307th Bomb 919th Special Operations 920th Rescue