88th United States Congress
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The Eighty-eighth United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from January 3, 1963 to January 3, 1965, during the last year of the administration of U.S. President John F. Kennedy, and the first administration of his successor, U.S. President Lyndon Johnson. The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Eighteenth Census of the United States in 1960, and the number of members was again 435 (had temporarily been 437 in order to seat one member each from recently admitted states of Alaska and Hawaii). Both chambers had a Democratic majority.
Major events
- November 22, 1963: Lyndon Johnson became President of the United States on the death of President John Kennedy.
- March 30 – June 10, 1964: The longest filibuster in the history of the Senate was waged against the Civil Rights Act of 1964, with 57 days of debate over a 73-day period. It ended when the Senate voted 71–29 to invoke cloture, with the filibuster carried out by southern members of the Democratic Party, the first successful cloture motion on a civil rights bill.[1][2][3]
- August 2–4, 1964: Gulf of Tonkin Incident
Major legislation
First page of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
President Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act of 1964
President Johnson signs the Wilderness Act of 1964
- June 10, 1963: Equal Pay Act, Pub.L. 88–38
- October 17, 1963: Department of Defense Appropriations Act, Pub.L. 88–149
- October 31, 1963: Community Mental Health Centers Act, Pub.L. 88–164, title II, including Mental Retardation Facilities Construction Act
- December 17, 1963: Clean Air Act, Pub.L. 88–206
- July 2, 1964: Civil Rights Act of 1964, Pub.L. 88–352
- July 9, 1964: Urban Mass Transportation Act of 1964 (Federal Transit Act), Pub.L. 88–365
- August 7, 1964: Tonkin Gulf Resolution, Pub.L. 88–408
- August 20, 1964: Economic Opportunity Act of 1964, Pub.L. 88–452
- August 31, 1964: Food Stamp Act of 1964, Pub.L. 88–525
- September 3, 1964: Wilderness Act, Pub.L. 88–577
- September 4, 1964: Nurse Training Act, Pub.L. 88–581
- 1964: Library Services and Construction Act
Party summary
Senate
| Party (shading shows control) |
Total | Vacant | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic (D) |
Republican (R) | |||
| End of the previous congress | 62 | 37 | 99 | 1 |
| Begin | 64 | 34 | 98 | 2 |
| End | 65 | 35 | 100 | 0 |
| Final voting share | 65.0% | 35.0% | ||
| Beginning of the next congress | 68 | 32 | 100 | 0 |
House of Representatives
| Party (shading shows control) |
Total | Vacant | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic (D) |
Republican (R) | |||
| End of the previous congress | 262 | 172 | 434 | 3 |
| Begin | 258 | 176 | 434 | 1 |
| End | 255 | 177 | 432 | 3 |
| Final voting share | 59.0% | 41.0% | ||
| Beginning of the next congress | 295 | 140 | 435 | 0 |
Leadership
Senate
- President of the Senate: Lyndon Johnson (D), until November 22, 1963; thereafter vacant
- President pro tempore: Carl Hayden (D)
Majority (Democratic) leadership
Minority (Republican) leadership
House of Representatives
- Speaker: John McCormack (D)
Majority (Democratic) leadership
- Majority Leader: Carl Albert (D)
- Majority Whip: Hale Boggs (D)
Minority (Republican) leadership
Caucuses
Members
Senate
Senators are popularly elected statewide every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Senators are ordered first by state, and then by seniority. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election.
House of Representatives
Changes in membership
Senate
| State (class) |
Vacator | Reason for change | Successor | Date of successor's formal installation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Oklahoma (2) |
Vacant | Appointed to fill vacancy due to death of Sen. Robert S. Kerr in previous congress | J. Howard Edmondson (D) | January 7, 1963 |
| Wisconsin (3) |
Vacant | Delayed taking oath of office in order to finish term as Governor of Wisconsin | Gaylord Nelson (D) | January 8, 1963 |
| Tennessee (2) |
Estes Kefauver (D) | Died August 10, 1963 | Herbert S. Walters (D) | August 20, 1963 |
| California (1) |
Clair Engle (D) | Died July 30, 1964 | Pierre Salinger (D) | August 4, 1964 |
| South Carolina (2) |
Strom Thurmond (D) | Changed political parties | Strom Thurmond (R) | September 16, 1964 |
| New Mexico (1) |
Edwin L. Mechem (R) | Resigned November 3, 1964 | Joseph Montoya (D) | November 4, 1964 |
| Oklahoma (2) |
J. Howard Edmondson (D) | Successor elected November 3, 1964 | Fred R. Harris (D) | November 4, 1964 |
| Tennessee (2) |
Herbert S. Walters (D) | Successor elected November 3, 1964 | Ross Bass (D) | November 4, 1964 |
| Minnesota (2) |
Hubert Humphrey (DFL) | Resigned December 29, 1964 after being elected Vice President of the United States | Walter Mondale (DFL) | December 30, 1964 |
| California (1) |
Pierre Salinger (D) | Successor elected. Resigned December 31, 1964 | George Murphy (R) | January 1, 1965 |
House of Representatives
| District | Vacator | Reason for change | Successor | Date successor seated |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| California 1st | Vacant | Rep. Clement W. Miller died during previous congress | Donald H. Clausen (R) | January 22, 1963 |
| California 23rd | Clyde Doyle (D) | Died March 14, 1963 | Del M. Clawson (R) | June 11, 1963 |
| Pennsylvania 15th | Francis E. Walter (D) | Died May 31, 1963 | Fred B. Rooney (D) | July 30, 1963 |
| North Dakota 1st | Hjalmar C. Nygaard (R) | Died July 18, 1963 | Mark Andrews (R) | October 22, 1963 |
| Pennsylvania 23rd | Leon H. Gavin (R) | Died September 15, 1963 | Albert W. Johnson (R) | November 3, 1963 |
| Texas 10th | Homer Thornberry (D) | Resigned December 20, 1963 after being appointed as a judge of the United States District Court for the Western District of Texas | J. J. Pickle (D) | December 21, 1963 |
| Pennsylvania 5th | William J. Green, Jr. (D) | Died December 21, 1963 | William J. Green, III (D) | April 28, 1964 |
| California 5th | John F. Shelley (D) | Resigned January 7, 1964 after being elected Mayor of San Francisco | Phillip Burton (D) | February 18, 1964 |
| Tennessee 2nd | Howard Baker, Sr. (R) | Died January 7, 1964 | Irene Baker (R) | March 10, 1964 |
| Illinois 6th | Thomas J. O'Brien (D) | Died April 14, 1964 | Vacant | Not filled this term |
| South Carolina 5th | Robert W. Hemphill (D) | Resigned May 1, 1964 after being appointed judge of the US District Court for the Eastern and Western Districts of SC | Thomas S. Gettys (D) | November 3, 1964 |
| Missouri 9th | Clarence Cannon (D) | Died May 12, 1964 | William L. Hungate (D) | November 3, 1964 |
| Michigan 12th | John B. Bennett (R) | Died August 9, 1964 | Vacant | Not filled this term |
| Oregon 1st | A. Walter Norblad (R) | Died September 20, 1964 | Wendell Wyatt (R) | November 3, 1964 |
| New Mexico At-large | Joseph Montoya (D) | Resigned November 3, 1964 after being elected to the US Senate | Vacant | Not filled this term |
| Tennessee 6th | Ross Bass (D) | Resigned November 3, 1964 after being elected to the US Senate | Vacant | Not filled this term |
| Illinois 9th | Edward R. Finnegan (D) | Resigned December 6, 1964 after being appointed judge for the Circuit Court of Cook County | Vacant | Not filled this term |
Committees
Lists of committees and their party leaders.
Senate
- Aeronautical and Space Sciences
- Agriculture and Forestry
- Appropriations
- Banking and Currency
- Commerce
- District of Columbia
- Finance
- Foreign Relations
- Government Operations
- Interior and Insular Affairs
- Judiciary
- Labor and Public Welfare
- Post Office and Civil Service
- Public Works
- Small Business (Select)
- Standards and Conduct (Select)
- Subcommittee on Internal Security
- Whole
House of Representatives
- Agriculture
- Appropriations
- Banking and Currency
- District of Columbia
- Education and Labor
- Foreign Affairs
- Government Operations
- House Administration
- Interior and Insular Affairs
- Merchant Marine and Fisheries
- Post Office and Civil Service
- Public Works
- Rules
- Science and Astronautics
- Small Business (Select)
- Standards of Official Conduct
- Un-American Activities
- Veterans' Affairs
- Ways and Means
- Whole
Joint committees
- Atomic Energy
- Conditions of Indian Tribes (Special)
- Construction of a Building for a Museum of History and Technology for the Smithsonian
- Defense Production
- Disposition of Executive Papers
- Economic
- Immigration and Nationality Policy
- Legislative Budget
- The Library
- Navajo-Hopi Indian Administration
- Printing
- Reduction of Nonessential Federal Expenditures
- Taxation
Employees and legislative agency directors
Legislative branch agency directors
- Architect of the Capitol: J. George Stewart
- Attending Physician of the United States Congress: George Calver
- Comptroller General of the United States: Joseph Campbell
- Librarian of Congress: Lawrence Quincy Mumford
- Public Printer of the United States: James L. Harrison
Senate
- Chaplain: Frederick Brown Harris, Methodist
- Parliamentarian:
- Charles Watkins
- Floyd Riddick
- Secretary: Felton McLellan Johnston
- Sergeant at Arms: Joseph C. Duke
House of Representatives
- Clerk: Ralph R. Roberts
- Doorkeeper: William Mosley "Fishbait" Miller
- Parliamentarian: Lewis Deschler
- Postmaster: H. H. Morris
- Sergeant at Arms: Zeake W. Johnson, Jr.
- Chaplain: Bernard Braskamp - Presbyterian
See also
- United States elections, 1962 (elections leading to this Congress)
- United States elections, 1964 (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
References
- ↑ Loevy, Robert D. (1997). The Civil Rights Act of 1964: the passage of the law that ended racial segregation. SUNY Press. pp. 358, 360.
- ↑ "Civil Rights Filibuster Ended". U.S. Senate. Archived from the original on 2 December 2009. Retrieved December 19, 2009.
- ↑ "Major Features of the Civil Rights Act of 1964". CongressLink. The Dirksen Congressional Center.
External links
- U.S. Senate history
- Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present
- House of Representatives Session Calendar for the 88th Congress (PDF).
- Official Congressional Directory for the 88th Congress, 1st Session.
- Official Congressional Directory for the 88th Congress, 2nd Session.
- Pocket Congressional Directory for the 88th Congress.
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