1961 Pittsburgh Pirates season

1961 Pittsburgh Pirates
Major League affiliations
National League (since 1887)
Location
Forbes Field (since 1909)
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania^[1] (since 1907)
Other information
Owner(s)	John W. Galbreath (majority shareholder); Bing Crosby, Thomas Johnson (minority shareholders)
General manager(s)	Joe L. Brown
Manager(s)	Danny Murtaugh
Local television	KDKA-TV Bob Prince, Jim Woods
Local radio	KDKA Bob Prince, Paul Long, Jim Woods
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The 1961 Pittsburgh Pirates fell from World Champions the previous season to sixth place in the National League, as they won 75 games and lost 79, 18 games behind NL Champion Cincinnati.

Regular season

Season standings

National League	W	L	Pct.	GB	Home	Road
Cincinnati Reds	93	61	0.604	—	47–30	46–31
Los Angeles Dodgers	89	65	0.578	4	45–32	44–33
San Francisco Giants	85	69	0.552	8	45–32	40–37
Milwaukee Braves	83	71	0.539	10	45–32	38–39
St. Louis Cardinals	80	74	0.519	13	48–29	32–45
Pittsburgh Pirates	75	79	0.487	18	38–39	37–40
Chicago Cubs	64	90	0.416	29	40–37	24–53
Philadelphia Phillies	47	107	0.305	46	22–55	25–52

Record vs. opponents

1961 National League Records Sources:
Team	CHC	CIN	LAD	MIL	PHI	PIT	SF	STL
Chicago	—	12–10	7–15	9–13–1	13–9	11–11	5–17	7–15–1
Cincinnati	10–12	—	12–10	15–7	19–3	11–11	12–10	14–8
Los Angeles	15–7	10–12	—	12–10	17–5	13–9	10–12	12–10
Milwaukee	13–9–1	7–15	10–12	—	16–6	12–10	11–11	14–8
Philadelphia	9–13	3–19	5–17	6–16	—	7–15	8–14–1	9–13
Pittsburgh	11–11	11–11	9–13	10–12	15–7	—	10–12	9–13
San Francisco	17–5	10–12	12–10	11–11	14–8–1	12–10	—	9–13
St. Louis	15–7–1	8–14	10–12	8–14	13–9	13–9	13–9	—

Game log

1961 Game Log: 75–79 (Home: 38–39; Away: 37–40)

April: 9–6 (Home: 4–2; Away: 5–4)

May: 12–12 (Home: 7–6; Away: 5–6)

June: 15–13 (Home: 10–9; Away: 5–4)

#	Date	Opponent	Score	Win	Loss	Save	Attendance	Record
40	June 1	Braves	8–2 (7)	Haddix (4–1)	Burdette	—	19,128	22–18
41	June 2	Phillies	0–6	Buzhardt	Friend (5–7)	—	14,344	22–19
42	June 3	Phillies	5–1	Shantz (2–1)	Mahaffey	Face (7)	11,153	23–19
43	June 4	Phillies	0–5	Ferrarese	Mizell (4–3)	—	27,352	23–20
44	June 5	@ Dodgers	5–2	Law (2–4)	Perranoski	Face (8)	14,715	24–20
45	June 6	@ Dodgers	7–8	Podres	Face (2–2)	Sherry	15,784	24–21
46	June 7	@ Dodgers	3–7	Koufax	Francis (0–1)	—	19,967	24–22
47	June 8	@ Dodgers	4–2	Friend (6–7)	Williams	Shantz (1)	17,599	25–22
48	June 9	@ Giants	6–9	Bolin	Face (2–3)	Miller	27,815	25–23
49	June 10	@ Giants	0–5	McCormick	Mizell (4–4)	—	26,630	25–24
50	June 11	@ Giants	8–4	Law (3–4)	Loes	Friend (1)	34,185	26–24
51	June 13	Reds	2–1	Gibbon (5–2)	Maloney	—	19,423	27–24
52	June 14	Reds	5–4	Shantz (3–1)	Brosnan	—	14,270	28–24
53	June 15	Reds	1–8	Jay	Mizell (4–5)	—	19,209	28–25
54	June 16	Cardinals	2–5	Gibson	Haddix (4–2)	—	26,229	28–26
55	June 17	Cardinals	9–3	Shantz (4–1)	Broglio	—	15,436	29–26
56	June 18	Cardinals	5–3	Friend (7–7)	Simmons	Face (9)		30–26
57	June 18	Cardinals	3–7	Jackson	Gibbon (5–3)	Miller	29,176	30–27
58	June 20	@ Phillies	6–2	Haddix (5–2)	Mahaffey	Face (10)	10,649	31–27
59	June 22	@ Phillies	5–1	Friend (8–7)	Buzhardt	—	9,126	32–27
60	June 23	Phillies	11–12	Lehman	Francis (0–2)	Sullivan	16,170	32–28
61	June 24	Phillies	2–6	Short	Mizell (4–6)	Sullivan	9,546	32–29
62	June 25	Phillies	10–5	Face (3–3)	Baldschun	—		33–29
63	June 25	Phillies	3–4	Mahaffey	Haddix (5–3)	Sullivan	10,951	33–30
64	June 27	Dodgers	5–9	Farrell	Friend (8–8)	Sherry	25,936	33–31
65	June 28	Dodgers	9–3	Gibbon (6–3)	Drysdale	—	21,581	34–31
66	June 29	Dodgers	4–2	Francis (1–2)	Koufax	Face (11)	21,520	35–31
67	June 30	Giants	4–3	Face (4–3)	McCormick	—	31,900	36–31

July: 9–17 (Home: 4–10; Away: 5–7)

#	Date	Opponent	Score	Win	Loss	Save	Attendance	Record
68	July 1	Giants	3–4	Jones	Friend (8–9)	—	19,737	36–32
69	July 2	Giants	7–6	Haddix (6–3)	McCormick	Labine (6)		37–32
70	July 2	Giants	9–0 (7)	Shantz (5–1)	Marichal	—	36,093	38–32
71	July 3	@ Reds	3–4	Maloney	Gibbon (6–4)	Brosnan	31,839	38–33
72	July 4	@ Reds	0–2	Jay	Francis (1–3)	—	11,802	38–34
73	July 6	@ Cubs	15–3	Friend (9–9)	Ellsworth	—		39–34
74	July 6	@ Cubs	1–5	Hobbie	Mizell (4–7)	—	15,813	39–35
75	July 7	@ Braves	6–5	McBean (1–0)	Spahn	Face (12)	17,622	40–35
76	July 8	@ Braves	4–3	Gibbon (7–4)	Buhl	Shantz (2)	16,109	41–35
77	July 9	@ Braves	5–4	McBean (2–0)	Burdette	Face (13)	20,845	42–35
78	July 13	@ Giants	1–2	Miller	Friend (9–10)	—	11,328	42–36
79	July 14	@ Giants	6–4	Labine (2–0)	LeMay	Face (14)	23,177	43–36
80	July 15	@ Giants	3–8	McCormick	Haddix (6–4)	—	22,596	43–37
81	July 16	@ Dodgers	11–12 (10)	Podres	Face (4–4)	—	15,930	43–38
82	July 17	@ Dodgers	4–6	Williams	Friend (9–11)	Koufax	26,232	43–39
83	July 20	Cubs	4–0	Gibbon (8–4)	Curtis	—	13,859	44–39
84	July 21	Braves	3–5	Burdette	Friend (9–12)	Nottebart	28,290	44–40
85	July 22	Braves	4–5	Cloninger	Shantz (5–2)	Nottebart	16,417	44–41
86	July 23	Braves	4–11	Buhl	Haddix (6–5)	—		44–42
87	July 23	Braves	4–5	McMahon	Friend (9–13)	—	26,531	44–43
88	July 25	Giants	7–16	Miller	Gibbon (8–5)	—	18,698	44–44
89	July 26	Giants	8–3	Friend (10–13)	LeMay	—	17,306	45–44
90	July 27	Giants	0–2	Marichal	Mizell (4–8)	—	17,885	45–45
91	July 28	Dodgers	4–6	Podres	Francis (1–4)	Farrell	25,593	45–46
92	July 29	Dodgers	4–5	Perranoski	McBean (2–1)	Farrell	11,822	45–47
93	July 30	Dodgers	3–7	Drysdale	Gibbon (8–6)	Perranoski	18,273	45–48

August: 16–16 (Home: 8–7; Away: 8–9)

#	Date	Opponent	Score	Win	Loss	Save	Attendance	Record
94	August 2	@ Cardinals	2–4	Jackson	Shantz (5–3)	—	12,048	45–49
95	August 3	@ Cardinals	19–0	Haddix (7–5)	Cicotte	—	11,514	46–49
96	August 4	@ Reds	4–5	Brosnan	Labine (2–1)	—	27,383	46–50
97	August 5	@ Reds	11–7	McBean (3–1)	Hunt	—	12,125	47–50
98	August 6	@ Reds	9–4	Mizell (5–8)	Jay	Labine (7)		48–50
99	August 6	@ Reds	2–3 (10)	Brosnan	Face (4–5)	—	31,167	48–51
100	August 7	@ Phillies	3–1	Friend (11–13)	Buzhardt	—	5,586	49–51
101	August 8	@ Phillies	10–2	Haddix (8–5)	Mahaffey	—		50–51
102	August 8	@ Phillies	3–2	Sturdivant (1–0)	Short	—	11,081	51–51
103	August 9	Cardinals	0–4	Simmons	Gibbon (8–7)	Bauta	17,038	51–52
104	August 10	Cardinals	2–3	Sadecki	Francis (1–5)	—	13,812	51–53
105	August 11	Phillies	6–0 (7)	Friend (12–13)	Roberts	—	12,965	52–53
106	August 12	Phillies	4–0	Mizell (6–8)	Owens	—	8,785	53–53
107	August 13	Phillies	13–4	Sturdivant (2–0)	Buzhardt	—	12,923	54–53
108	August 14	@ Braves	3–8	Cloninger	Haddix (8–6)	—	14,648	54–54
109	August 15	@ Braves	1–4	Willey	Gibbon (8–8)	—	16,843	54–55
110	August 16	@ Braves	1–2	Spahn	Friend (12–14)	—	18,330	54–56
111	August 17	@ Cubs	4–11	Drott	Mizell (6–9)	Anderson		54–57
112	August 17	@ Cubs	4–3	Francis (2–5)	Brewer	Face (15)	16,961	55–57
113	August 18	@ Cubs	1–2 (11)	Ellsworth	Sturdivant (2–1)	—	7,469	55–58
114	August 19	@ Cubs	4–3 (11)	Labine (3–1)	Curtis	—	11,777	56–58
115	August 20	@ Cubs	0–1 (11)	Cardwell	Friend (12–15)	—	19,038	56–59
116	August 22	Braves	4–1	Gibbon (9–8)	Buhl	Face (16)	15,874	57–59
117	August 23	Braves	7–6	Face (5–5)	Nottebart	—	15,117	58–59
118	August 24	Braves	1–6	Spahn	Friend (12–16)	—	16,653	58–60
119	August 25	Cubs	1–0	Sturdivant (3–1)	Cardwell	—	12,651	59–60
120	August 26	Cubs	3–7	Schultz	Face (5–6)	Anderson	9,137	59–61
121	August 27	Cubs	7–3	Gibbon (10–8)	Curtis	Labine (8)		60–61
122	August 27	Cubs	5–6	Brewer	Mizell (6–10)	Anderson	15,471	60–62
123	August 28	Cubs	4–5	Anderson	Face (5–7)	—	13,753	60–63
124	August 29	Reds	0–3	O'Toole	Friend (12–17)	Maloney	17,999	60–64
125	August 30	Reds	3–1	Sturdivant (4–1)	Purkey	—	20,000	61–64

September: 13–15 (Home: 4–5; Away: 9–10)

#	Date	Opponent	Score	Win	Loss	Save	Attendance	Record
126	September 1	@ Cardinals	4–8	Jackson	Gibbon (10–9)	—	13,480	61–65
127	September 2	@ Cardinals	5–4	Face (6–7)	McDaniel	—	9,140	62–65
128	September 3	@ Cardinals	8–1	Friend (13–17)	Simmons	—	13,817	63–65
129	September 4	@ Cardinals	4–9	Sadecki	Francis (2–6)	McDaniel	10,021	63–66
130	September 5	@ Cubs	8–3	Sturdivant (5–1)	Hobbie	—	3,417	64–66
131	September 6	@ Cubs	2–6	Cardwell	Gibbon (10–10)	—	3,080	64–67
132	September 7	@ Cubs	7–5	Shantz (6–3)	Brewer	—	2,752	65–67
133	September 8	@ Braves	2–1	Friend (14–17)	Hendley	—	15,606	66–67
134	September 9	@ Braves	3–4	Nottebart	Face (6–8)	—	12,320	66–68
135	September 10	@ Braves	3–4	Spahn	Sturdivant (5–2)	—	24,198	66–69
136	September 11	@ Giants	3–4 (10)	Sanford	Face (6–9)	—	5,512	66–70
137	September 12	@ Giants	3–0	Gibbon (11–10)	McCormick	—	9,539	67–70
138	September 13	@ Dodgers	8–2	Haddix (9–6)	Farrell	—	10,494	68–70
139	September 14	@ Dodgers	6–7	Roebuck	Face (6–10)	—	9,805	68–71
140	September 16	Cardinals	3–6	Sadecki	Francis (2–7)	—	6,830	68–72
141	September 17	Cardinals	0–3	Jackson	McBean (3–2)	—	10,030	68–73
142	September 18	Cardinals	8–6	Foss (1–0)	Gibson	Face (17)	8,934	69–73
143	September 19	@ Reds	1–10	O'Toole	Friend (14–18)	—	14,225	69–74
144	September 20	@ Reds	2–3	Jay	Face (6–11)	—	14,822	69–75
145	September 22	@ Phillies	6–3	Labine (4–1)	Sullivan	—	4,687	70–75
146	September 23	@ Phillies	4–5 (16)	Baldschun	Face (6–12)	—	4,005	70–76
147	September 24	@ Phillies	4–3	Mizell (7–10)	Short	Sturdivant (1)	3,282	71–76
148	September 26	Dodgers	3–5	Williams	Friend (14–19)	Farrell		71–77
149	September 26	Dodgers	8–0	Gibbon (12–10)	Drysdale	—	9,602	72–77
150	September 27	Giants	5–3	Haddix (10–6)	Miller	—	7,471	73–77
151	September 28	Giants	4–7	Duffalo	Francis (2–8)	Miller	5,384	73–78
152	September 29	Reds	1–8	O'Toole	Foss (1–1)	Jones	10,119	73–79
153	September 30	Reds	11–6	Jackson (1–0)	Jay	—	7,158	74–79

October: 1–0 (Home: 1–0; Away: 0–0)

Legend: = Win = Loss
Bold = Pirates team member

Notable transactions

May 1961: Don Williams was purchased from the Pirates by the Chicago White Sox.^[2]
June 20, 1961: Gene Baker was released by the Pirates.^[3]
June 24, 1961: Ron Woods was signed by the Pirates as an amateur free agent.^[4]

Roster

1961 Pittsburgh Pirates

Roster

Pitchers

34 Tom Cheney

26 Roy Face

37 Larry Foss

27 Earl Francis

19 Bob Friend

22 Joe Gibbon

35 Fred Green

31 Harvey Haddix

25 Al Jackson

29 Clem Labine

32 Vern Law

34 Al McBean

30 Vinegar Bend Mizell

28 Bobby Shantz

15 Tom Sturdivant

37 Jim Umbricht

39 George Witt

Catchers

6 Smoky Burgess

2 Don Leppert

2 Bob Oldis

5 Hal Smith

Infielders

16 Gene Baker

24 Dick Groat

12 Don Hoak

16 Johnny Logan

9 Bill Mazeroski

14 Rocky Nelson

11 Dick Schofield

7 Dick Stuart

Outfielders

23 Joe Christopher

20 Gino Cimoli

21 Roberto Clemente

35 Donn Clendenon

15 Román Mejías

20 Walt Moryn

4 Bob Skinner

18 Bill Virdon

Manager

40 Danny Murtaugh

Coaches

41 Bill Burwell

45 Lenny Levy

43 Sam Narron

42 Ron Northey

44 Frank Oceak

Statistics

Batting

Regular Season^[5]
Player	G	AB	H	Avg.	HR	RBI
Umbricht, J.J. Umbricht	1	1	1	1.000	0	0
Witt, G.G. Witt	9	2	1	0.500	0	0
Shantz, B.B. Shantz	44	16	7	0.438	0	3
Clemente, R.R. Clemente	146	572	201	0.351	23	89
Clendenon, D.D. Clendenon	9	35	11	0.314	0	2
Burgess, S.S. Burgess	100	323	98	0.303	12	52
Stuart, D.D. Stuart	138	532	160	0.301	35	117
Cimoli, G.G. Cimoli	21	67	20	0.299	0	6
Hoak, D.D. Hoak	145	503	150	0.298	12	61
Groat, D.D. Groat	148	596	164	0.275	6	55
Face, R.R. Face	62	11	3	0.273	0	1
Skinner, B.B. Skinner	119	381	102	0.268	3	42
Leppert, D.D. Leppert	22	60	16	0.267	3	5
McBean, A.A. McBean	28	15	4	0.267	1	3
Mazeroski, B.B. Mazeroski	152	558	148	0.265	13	59
Christopher, J.J. Christopher	76	186	49	0.263	0	14
Law, V.V. Law	11	19	5	0.263	0	5
Virdon, B.B. Virdon	146	599	156	0.260	9	58
Sturdivant, T.T. Sturdivant	13	32	8	0.250	0	1
Logan, J.J. Logan	27	52	12	0.231	0	5
Smith, H.H. Smith	67	193	43	0.223	3	26
Moryn, W.W. Moryn	40	65	13	0.200	3	9
Nelson, R.R. Nelson	75	127	25	0.197	5	13
Schofield, D.D. Schofield	60	78	15	0.192	0	2
Foss, L.L. Foss	3	6	1	0.167	0	1
Haddix, H.H. Haddix	31	56	8	0.143	0	3
Friend, B.B. Friend	41	79	11	0.139	0	7
Gibbon, J.J. Gibbon	31	59	8	0.136	0	6
Mizell, V.V. Mizell	25	23	3	0.130	0	1
Francis, E.E. Francis	23	28	3	0.107	0	0
Baker, G.G. Baker	9	10	1	0.100	0	0
Labine, C.C. Labine	56	10	1	0.100	0	0
Green, F.F. Green	13	3	0	0.000	0	0
Jackson, A.A. Jackson	5	8	0	0.000	0	0
Mejias, R.R. Mejias	4	1	0	0.000	0	0
Oldis, B.B. Oldis	4	5	0	0.000	0	0
Cheney, T.T. Cheney	1	0	0	-1 !—	0	0

Pitching

Regular Season^[6]
Player	G	IP	W	L	ERA	SO
Cheney, T.T. Cheney	1	0	0	0	-1 !—	0
Umbricht, J.J. Umbricht	1	3.3333333333333 !3¹⁄₃	0	0	2.70	1
Sturdivant, T.T. Sturdivant	13	85.666666666667 !85²⁄₃	5	2	2.84	45
Gibbon, J.J. Gibbon	30	195.33333333333 !195¹⁄₃	13	10	3.32	145
Shantz, B.B. Shantz	43	89.333333333333 !89¹⁄₃	6	3	3.32	61
Jackson, A.A. Jackson	3	23.666666666667 !23²⁄₃	1	0	3.42	15
Labine, C.C. Labine	56	92.666666666667 !92²⁄₃	4	1	3.69	49
McBean, A.A. McBean	27	74.333333333333 !74¹⁄₃	3	2	3.75	49
Face, R.R. Face	62	92	6	12	3.82	55
Friend, B.B. Friend	41	236	14	19	3.85	108
Haddix, H.H. Haddix	29	156	10	6	4.10	99
Francis, E.E. Francis	23	102.66666666667 !102²⁄₃	2	8	4.21	53
Law, V.V. Law	11	59.333333333333 !59¹⁄₃	3	4	4.70	20
Green, F.F. Green	13	20.666666666667 !20²⁄₃	0	0	4.79	4
Mizell, V.V. Mizell	25	100	7	10	5.04	37
Foss, L.L. Foss	3	15.333333333333 !15¹⁄₃	1	1	5.87	9
Witt, G.G. Witt	9	15.666666666667 !15²⁄₃	0	1	6.32	9

Farm system

Level	Team	League	Manager
AAA	Columbus Jets	International League	Larry Shepard
A	Asheville Tourists	Sally League	Ray Hathaway
B	Burlington Bees	Illinois–Indiana–Iowa League	Harding "Pete" Peterson
C	Grand Forks Chiefs	Northern League	Bob Clear
D	Kingsport Pirates	Appalachian League	James Gibbons
D	Batavia Pirates	New York–Penn League	James Adlam and Gene Baker
D	Hobbs Pirates	Sophomore League	Al Kubski
D	Shelby Colonels	Western Carolinas League	Aaron Robinson and James Adlam

Notes

↑ From 1882–1906, the team played in Allegheny, Pennsylvania, which became annexed by Pittsburgh as the North Shore in 1907.
↑ Don Williams page at Baseball Reference
↑ Gene Baker page at Baseball Reference
↑ Ron Woods page at Baseball Reference
↑ "Major League Baseball Regular Season Hitting Stats | pirates.com: Stats". Pittsburgh Pirates.
↑ "Major League Baseball Regular Season Pitching Stats | pirates.com: Stats". Pittsburgh Pirates.

References

1961 Pittsburgh Pirates team page at Baseball Reference
1961 Pittsburgh Pirates Page at Baseball Almanac
Johnson, Lloyd; Wolff, Miles, eds. (1997). The Encyclopedia of Minor League Baseball (2nd ed.). Durham, North Carolina: Baseball America. ISBN 978-0-9637189-8-3.

1961 MLB season by team

American League	Baltimore Boston Chicago Cleveland Detroit Kansas City Los Angeles Minnesota New York Washington

National League	Chicago Cincinnati Los Angeles Milwaukee Philadelphia Pittsburgh St. Louis San Francisco

1961 All-Star Game (1st, 2nd) 1961 World Series 1961 MLB expansion draft

Pittsburgh Pirates

Formerly the Pittsburgh Alleghenys
Founded in 1882
Based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania

Franchise

Ballparks

Spring training: Whittington Park; Riverside Park; Fogel Field; Barrs Field; Rickwood Field; Whittington Park; Perris Hill Park; Tech Field; Perris Hill Park; McCulloch Park; Perris Hill Park; Flamingo Field; Gilmore Field; Gran Stadium; Jaycee Park; Terry Park; Pirate City/McKechnie Field

Culture

Lore

Pittsburgh Allegheny
Pirates' lore
Wagner donates uniforms
Lou Bierbauer
Temple Cup
Chronicle-Telegraph Cup
Pittsburgh Stars
Homer in the Gloamin'
1960 Game 7
1985 drug trials
Francisco Cabrera game
National League Wild Card Games
- 2013
- 2014
- 2015

Rivalries

Philadelphia Phillies

Minors

AAA: Indianapolis Indians
AA: Altoona Curve
A Adv.: Bradenton Marauders
A: West Virginia Power
Short A: West Virginia Black Bears
Rookie Adv.: Bristol Pirates
Rookie: GCL Pirates; DSL Pirates
All-time: Minor league affiliate history

World Series
Championships (5)

1909
1925
1960
1971
1979

League pennants (9)

American Association: none
National League: 1901; 1902; 1903; 1909; 1925; 1927; 1960; 1971; 1979

Division titles (9)

East: 1970; 1971; 1972; 1974; 1975; 1979; 1990; 1991; 1992
Central: none

Wild Card berths (3)

Media

Seasons (136)

1880s	1880 · 1881 · 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889

1890s	1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899

1900s	1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909

1910s	1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919

1920s	1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926 1927 1928 1929

1930s	1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939

1940s	1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949

1950s	1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959

1960s	1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969

1970s	1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979

1980s	1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989

1990s	1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

2000s	2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009

2010s	2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017

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