1865 in the United Kingdom

1865 in the United Kingdom:
Other years
1863 \| 1864 \| 1865 \| 1866 \| 1867
Sport
1865 English cricket season

Events from the year 1865 in the United Kingdom.

Incumbents

Monarch — Victoria
Prime Minister — The Viscount Palmerston (Liberal) (until 18 October), Lord John Russell (Liberal) (starting 29 October)

Events

April — Official opening of Crossness Pumping Station, a major landmark in completion of the new London sewerage system designed by Joseph Bazalgette for the Metropolitan Board of Works.^[1]
28 May — The Mimosa sets sail, carrying Welsh emigrants to Patagonia.
June — Jumbo, a large African elephant, is transferred to London Zoo and becomes a popular attraction.
4 June — The lyrics of the hymn "Onward, Christian Soldiers", written by Sabine Baring-Gould as "Hymn for Procession with Cross and Banners", are first sung by children processing to St Peter's Church, Horbury, in the West Riding of Yorkshire.^[2]
9 June — Staplehurst rail crash in Kent: 10 killed, 49 injured; Charles Dickens is amongst the survivors.
25 June — James Hudson Taylor founds the China Inland Mission at Brighton.
29 June — New Poor Law Act improves conditions in workhouses.^[3]
July — General election won by the Liberal Party led by Lord Palmerston.^[4]
2 July — The Christian Mission, later renamed The Salvation Army, is founded in Whitechapel, London by William and Catherine Booth.^[1]^[5]
4 July — Lewis Carroll publishes his children's novel Alice's Adventures in Wonderland^[1]^[3] (first trade edition in December).
5 July — First speed limit is introduced in Britain by the Locomotive Act — 2 mph in town and 4 mph in the country.^[5]
14 July — A party led by Edward Whymper makes the first ascent of the Matterhorn.^[1]
23 July — The SS Great Eastern departs on a voyage to lay a transatlantic telegraph cable.^[1]
September — John Henry Walsh (writing as 'Stonehenge' in the magazine The Field) gives the first definition of a dog breed standard (for the pointer) based on physical form.^[6]
28 September — Elizabeth Garrett Anderson graduates as Britain's first woman doctor.^[5]
9 to 20 October — Unsuccessful uprising against British rule in Morant Bay, Jamaica; 400 rebels executed.^[3]
29 October — Lord John Russell becomes Prime Minister following the death of Lord Palmerston on 18 October.^[1]
6 November — American Civil War: Surrender to HMS Donegal at Liverpool of the Confederate commerce raider CSS Shenandoah.
11 November — Duar War with Bhutan ends with the Treaty of Sinchula, in which Bhutan cedes control of southern passes to Britain in return for an annual subsidy.^[1]
16 December — Edward John Eyre, governor of Jamaica, dismissed and censured for his excessive actions during the suppression of the recent rebellion.^[3]

Illustration by John Tenniel to Alice's Adventures in Wonderland

Undated

Francis Galton formulates eugenics.^[7]
James Clerk Maxwell publishes A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field.^[1]
Joseph Lister discovers the sterilising effects of carbolic acid.^[1]
Major outbreak of rinderpest in British cattle.
Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation founded in Hong Kong by Thomas Sutherland.^[1]
Gladiateur wins the English Triple Crown by finishing first in the Epsom Derby, 2,000 Guineas and St Leger.

Publications

Lewis Carroll's novel Alice's Adventures in Wonderland.
Charles Dickens' novel Our Mutual Friend (publication concludes).^[3]
Robert Smith Surtees' novel Mr. Facey Romford's Hounds (posthumous).
A. C. Swinburne's narrative poem Atalanta in Calydon.
Anthony Trollope's novel Can You Forgive Her? (publication concludes).

Births

9 April — Adela Florence Nicolson ('Laurence Hope'), poet (suicide 1904)
2 June — George Lohmann, cricketer (died 1901)
3 June — Prince George of Wales, later George V (died 1936)
15 July — Alfred Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Northcliffe, newspaper and publishing magnate (died 1922)
12 October — Arthur Harden, chemist, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1940)
20 October — Sir Rhys Rhys-Williams, 1st Baronet, judge (died 1955)
27 October — Tinsley Lindley, footballer (died 1940)
4 December — Edith Cavell, nurse (executed 1915)
30 December — Rudyard Kipling, writer, Nobel Prize laureate (died 1936)

Deaths

6 February — Mrs Isabella Beeton, writer on household management and cookery (born 1836)
11 March — Robert Hermann Schomburgk, explorer (born 1804 in Freiburg)
2 April — John Cassell, publisher and entrepreneur (born 1817)
30 April — Robert FitzRoy, meteorologist and admiral (born 1805; suicide)
27 May — Charles Waterton, naturalist and explorer (born 1782)
8 June — Joseph Paxton, gardener and architect (born 1803)
25 July — Dr James Barry, military surgeon, revealed on death to be a woman, probably Margaret Ann Bulkley (born 1789-1799)
12 August — William Jackson Hooker, botanist (born 1785)
9 September — William Henry Smyth, astronomer and admiral (born 1788)
18 October — Viscount Palmerston, Prime Minister (born 1784)
1 November — John Lindley, botanist (born 1799)
8 November — Thomas Sayers, boxer (born 1826)
12 November — Mrs Elizabeth Gaskell, novelist and biographer (born 1810)

References

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Everett, Jason M., ed. (2006). "1865". The People's Chronology. Thomson Gale.
↑ Bradley, Ian (1989). The Book of Hymns. New York: Testament Books. p. 333.
1 2 3 4 5 Palmer, Alan; Veronica (1992). The Chronology of British History. London: Century Ltd. p. 286. ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
↑ "Time traveller's guide to Victorian Britain". Channel 4. Archived from the original on 15 June 2007. Retrieved 12 May 2007.
1 2 3 Penguin Pocket On This Day. Penguin Reference Library. 2006. ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
↑ "First modern dog discovered". University of Manchester. 6 March 2013. Retrieved 2013-03-07.
↑ Galton, Francis (1865). "Hereditary talent and character" (PDF). Macmillan's Magazine. 12: 157–166, 318–327. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 June 2007. Retrieved 12 May 2007.

Years in the United Kingdom

Years in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland	1801 1802 1803 1804 1805 1806 1807 1808 1809 1810 1811 1812 1813 1814 1815 1816 1817 1818 1819 1820 1821 1822 1823 1824 1825 1826 1827 1828 1829 1830 1831 1832 1833 1834 1835 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1856 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 1882 1883 1884 1885 1886 1887 1888 1889 1890 1891 1892 1893 1894 1895 1896 1897 1898 1899 1900 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 1909 1910 1911 1912 1913 1914 1915 1916 1917 1918 1919 1920 1921 1922 1923 1924 1925 1926

Years in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland	1927 1928 1929 1930 1931 1932 1933 1934 1935 1936 1937 1938 1939 1940 1941 1942 1943 1944 1945 1946 1947 1948 1949 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

1865 in Europe

Sovereign states	Andorra Austria Baden Belgium Denmark France Germany Greece Hungary Italy Luxembourg Monaco Montenegro Netherlands Norway Ottoman Empire Papal States Portugal Prussia Russia San Marino Spain Sweden Switzerland United Kingdom United Principalities

Dependencies, colonies and other territories	Gibraltar Guernsey Isle of Man Jersey Malta

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