1701

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1701 (MDCCI) was a common year starting on Saturday (dominical letter B) of the Gregorian calendar and a common year starting on Wednesday (dominical letter E) of the Julian calendar, the 1701st year of the Common Era (CE) and Anno Domini (AD) designations, the 701st year of the 2nd millennium, the 1st year of the 18th century, and the 2nd year of the 1700s decade. As of the start of 1701, the Gregorian calendar was 11 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1918. In the Swedish calendar it was a common year starting on Tuesday, one day ahead of the Julian and ten days behind the Gregorian calendar.

Events

January–June

• January 12 – Parts of Netherlands adopt the Gregorian calendar
• January 18 – The electorate of Brandenburg-Prussia becomes the Kingdom of Prussia as Elector Frederick III is proclaimed King Frederick I. Prussia remains part of the Holy Roman Empire. It consists of Brandenburg, Pomerania and East Prussia. Berlin is the capital. ^[1]
• January 28 – The Chinese storm Dartsedo.
• January – Robert Walpole enters the Parliament of England and soon makes his name as a spokesman for Whig policy.
• March 8 – Mecklenburg-Strelitz is created as a north German duchy.
• March – The War of the Spanish Succession begins. It is an international retaliation to Louis XIV’s acceptance in 1700 of the Spanish crown on behalf of his grandson Philip of Anjou, who became Philip V, first Bourbon king of Spain. Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor forms the Grand Alliance with Great Britain, the Netherlands, Denmark, Portugal, Savoy and Prussia. Louis XIV allies France with Spain and Bavaria.
• April 21 – In Japan, the young daimyo Asano Naganori is ordered to commit seppuku (ritual suicide). A group of 47 samurai of his service begin planning to avenge his death.
• May 23 – After being convicted of murdering William Moore and for piracy, Captain William Kidd is hanged in London.
• June 24 – The Act of Settlement 1701 is passed by the Parliament of England to exclude the Catholic Stuarts from the British monarchy. Under its terms, King William III, childless, would be succeeded by Queen Mary II's sister Princess Anne and her descendants. If Anne should have no descendants, she would be succeeded by Sophia of Hanover and her descendants (hence the Hanoverian Succession in 1714).

July–December

• July 9 – Crossing of the Düna: Following his victories over Denmark and Russia in 1700, Charles XII of Sweden escalates the conflict in the Great Northern War by an invasion of Poland. The Swedish defeat the army of Saxony (then in personal union with Poland) at the River Dvina.
• July 24 – Foundation of a French emporium named Fort Ponchartrain (later to become Detroit).
• August 4 – The Great Peace of Montreal is signed, ending 100 years of war between the Iroquois Confederacy and New France and its Huron and Algonquian allies. Formerly allied with the English, the treaty assured the Iroquois would be neutral if France and England were to ever resume hostilities.
• September 16 – Death of deposed King James II of England (James VII of Scotland) in exile at the Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye in France. His supporters, the Jacobites, turn to his son James Francis Edward Stuart (later called "The Old Pretender"), whom they recognise as James VIII and III. Louis XIV of France, the Papal States and Spain also recognise him as the rightful heir.^[2]
• October 9 – The Collegiate School of Connecticut (later renamed Yale University) is chartered in Old Saybrook, Connecticut.

Date unknown

• English agriculturalist Jethro Tull invents a drill for planting seeds in rows.
• The Philharmonic Society (Academia Philharmonicorum) is established in Ljubljana, Slovenia.

Births

Anders Celsius

• January 4 – Count Palatine William of Gelnhausen, Imperial Field Marshal (d. 1760)
• January 17 – William Lubbock, British divine (d. 1754)
• January 18
  • Johann Jakob Moser, German jurist (d. 1785)
  • Johann Jacob Moser, German legal academic (d. 1785)
• January 23 – Anne Antoine, Comte d'Aché, Vice Admiral of France (d. 1780)
• January 26 – François Dominique de Barberie de Saint-Contest, French diplomat (d. 1751)
• January 27 – Johann Nikolaus von Hontheim, German historian and theologian (d. 1790)
• January 28
  • Thomas Amory (tutor), English tutor/minister/poet (d. 1774)
  • Charles Marie de La Condamine, French mathematician and geographer (d. 1774)
• February 1 – Johan Agrell, Baroque composer (d. 1765)
• February 7 – Christian Ludwig Gersten, German scientist (d. 1762)
• February 8 – Johann Baptist Martinelli, Austrian architect (d. 1754)
• February 11 – Carlo Lodi, Landscape Painter (d. 1765)
• February 14 – Enrique Flórez, Spanish historian (d. 1773)
• February 24 – François-Joseph Hunauld, French anatomist (d. 1742)
• February 25 – Thomas Adam, Clergyman, religious writer (d. 1784)
• February 28 – Jacek Rybiński, Abbot (d. 1782)
• March 1 – Johann Jakob Breitinger, Swiss philologist and author (d. 1776)
• March 2 – Lewis Morris (1701–1765), Welsh hydrographer (d. 1765)
• March 6 – Louis-René de Caradeuc de La Chalotais, French jurist on the so-called "Brittany affair" (d. 1785)
• March 11 – Joseph Leeson, 1st Earl of Milltown, Irish politician (d. 1783)
• March 12 – Johann Friedrich Cotta (theologian), German theologian (d. 1779)
• March 15 – John Carmichael, 3rd Earl of Hyndford (d. 1767)
• March 16 – Daniel Lorenz Salthenius, Swedish theologian (d. 1750)
• March 18 – Niclas Sahlgren, Swedish merchant and philanthropist (d. 1776)
• March 21 – Jacques Bridaine, French Catholic preacher and missionary (d. 1767)
• March 25 – John Goffe, American colonial soldier (d. 1786)
• April 9 – Giambattista Nolli, Italian architect (d. 1756)
• April 25 – John Bristow (d. 1768)
• April 27
  • Charles Emmanuel III of Sardinia, Duke of Savoy and King of Sardinia from 1730 until his death (d. 1773)
  • Sebastian Redford, English Jesuit (d. 1763)
• April 28 – Françoise Basseporte, French painter (d. 1780)
• May 14 – William Emerson (mathematician), English mathematician (d. 1782)
• May 18 – Charles Lennox, 2nd Duke of Richmond, English aristocrat, philanthropist and cricket patron (d. 1750)
• May 24 – Johann IX. Philipp von Walderdorff, Archbishop of Trier (d. 1768)
• May 28 – Giuseppe Antonio Pujati, Italian physician (d. 1760)
• May 29 – Georg Friedrich Strass, Alsatian jeweler and inventor of the rhinestone (d. 1773)
• June 2 – Thomas Townshend (MP), British politician (d. 1780)
• June 4 – Theodoor Verhaegen, 18th-century sculptor from the Southern Netherlands (d. 1759)
• June 11 – David Carnegie, 5th Earl of Northesk, son of David Carnegie (d. 1741)
• June 17 – Edward Antill (colonial politician), American winemaker (d. 1770)
• June 19 – François Rebel, French composer (d. 1775)
• June 22 – Nicolai Eigtved, Danish architect (d. 1754)
• June 27 – Paul Jacques Malouin, French chemist (d. 1778)
• July 9 – Jean-Frédéric Phélypeaux, Count of Maurepas, French statesman (d. 1781)
• August 4
  • Brownlow Cecil, 8th Earl of Exeter, English Earl (d. 1754)
  • Thomas Blackwell (scholar), Scottish classical scholar (d. 1757)
• August 21 – George Bowes, Coal proprietor and Member of Parliament (d. 1760)
• September 17 – Paul-Joseph Le Moyne de Longueuil, seigneur and colonial army officer in New France, governor of Trois-Rivières (d. 1778)
• September 21 – George Byng, 3rd Viscount Torrington, British Army general (d. 1750)
• September 22 – Anna Magdalena Bach, accomplished singer and the second wife of Johann Sebastian Bach (d. 1760)
• September 28 – Stephen Hansen, Danish industrialist (d. 1770)
• September 30 – Enrico Enríquez, Catholic cardinal (d. 1756)
• October 3 – Isaac Norris (statesman), American politician (d. 1766)
• October 15 – Marie-Marguerite d'Youville, Canadian saint (d. 1771)
• October 18 – Charles le Beau, French historical writer (d. 1778)
• October 22 – Maria Amalia of Austria, Holy Roman Empress (d. 1756)
• October 24 – Jacques Legardeur de Saint-Pierre, Canadian military commander (d. 1755)
• October 28 – Simón de Anda y Salazar, Governor-General of the Philippines (d. 1776)
• October 30 – Anton Gogeisl, German astronomer (d. 1771)
• October 31 – William Ellery, Sr., Rhode Island colonial deputy governor (d. 1764)
• November 3 – Smart Lethieullier, Antiquary (d. 1760)
• November 5 – Pietro Longhi, Venetian painter (d. 1785)
• November 6 – Jean-Baptiste Malter, French ballet dancer (d. 1746)
• November 10 – Johann Joseph Couven, German Baroque architect (d. 1763)
• November 27 – Anders Celsius, Swedish astronomer (d. 1744)
• November 28 – James Burrow, British scholar (d. 1782)
• December 9 – Elisha Freeman, Canadian politician (d. 1777)
• December 16 – Olof Arenius, Swedish artist (d. 1766)
• December 17 – Bernard of Bologna, Italian theologian (d. 1770)
• December 21
  • Taylor White, British judge (d. 1772)
  • Louis Daniel Arnault de Nobleville, Physician and naturalist (d. 1778)
  • Guillaume Taraval, French painter (d. 1750)

Deaths

• January 14 – Tokugawa Mitsukuni, Japanese warlord (b. 1628)
• February 27 – Christiana Oxenstierna, Swedish noble (b. 1661)
• March 15 – Jean Renaud de Segrais, French writer (b. 1624)
• April 4 – Joseph Haines, English entertainer and author
• April 21 – Asano Naganori, Japanese warlord (b. 1667)
• May 23 – Captain William Kidd, Scottish pirate (b. 1645)
• June 2 – Madeleine de Scudéry, French writer (b. 1607)
• July 7 – William Stoughton, American judge at the Salem witch trials (b. 1631)
• August 20 – Sir Charles Sedley, 5th Baronet, English playwright (b. 1639)
• August 22 – John Granville, 1st Earl of Bath, English royalist statesman (b. 1628)
• September 15 – Edmé Boursault, French writer (b. 1638)
• September 16 – James II of England, deposed king (b. 1633)
• October 3 – Joseph Williamson, English politician (b. 1633)
• November 5 – Charles Gerard, 2nd Earl of Macclesfield, French-born English politician (b. c.1659)
• December 21 – Sir Hugh Paterson, 1st Baronet, Baronet of Bannockburn (b. 1659)

References