1290

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Year 1290 (MCCXC) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events

By place

Europe

• Year without winter – Exceptionally rare instance of uninterrupted transition from autumn 1289 to following spring in Britain and mainland western Europe.^[1]
• March 1 – The University of Coimbra is founded in Lisbon, Portugal by King Denis of Portugal; it moves to Coimbra in 1308.
• July 10 – Ladislaus IV of Hungary is assassinated by three Cumans, Árbóc, Törtel and Kemence, at the castle of Körösszeg (modern-day Cheresig in Romania)
• July 18 – By the Edict of Expulsion, King Edward I of England orders all Jews (at this time probably numbering around 2,000) to leave England by November 1 (All Saints' Day);^[2] on the Hebrew calendar this is Tisha B'Av, a day that commemorates many calamities.
• July 23 – Andrew III of Hungary is crowned in Székesfehérvár by Lodomer, Archbishop of Esztergom, having escaped from captivity in Vienna.
• August 1 – The country of Wallachia is founded (traditional date).
• December – The twelve Eleanor crosses are erected between Lincolnshire and London in England as King Edward I mourns the death of his queen consort Eleanor of Castile.
• December 18 – Upon the death of Magnus III, he is succeeded by his 10-year-old son Birger as king of Sweden. Although Sweden is an elective monarchy at this time, Birger has been appointed heir to the throne already in 1284.
• Construction of Llandaff Cathedral is completed in Cardiff, Wales, 170 years after it was begun.
• The Mongol Golden Horde invades the Bessarabia region of Moldavia.
• The second of the Statutes of Mortmain are passed under King Edward I of England, which prevents land from passing into possession of the church. The statute Quia Emptores is also passed, reforming the feudal system of land leases and allowing the sale of fee simple estates.
• King Denis of Portugal decrees that Portuguese be the official language of Portugal, replacing classical Latin in that capacity.
• Construction on the Akershus Fortress of Oslo, Norway is begun.

Asia

• September 27 – The 6.8 Ms Chihli earthquake affects the province of Hebei, China with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent), killing 7,270–100,000.
• The founding Mamluk dynasty of the Sultanate of Delhi is overthrown by Jalal ud din Firuz Khilji of the Khilji dynasty.

Births

• August 4 – Leopold I, Duke of Austria (d. 1326)
• Margaret of Burgundy (d. 1315)
• Jean de Muris, French philosopher and mathematician (d. 1351)

Deaths

• January 28 – Dervorguilla of Galloway, mother of king John Balliol of Scotland (b. c. 1210)
• May 10 – Rudolf II, Duke of Austria 1282–1283 (b. 1270)
• June 8 – Beatrice Portinari, object of Dante Alighieri's adoration (b. 1266)
• June 23 – Henryk IV Probus, duke of Wrocław since 1266 and high duke of Kraków since 1268 (b. c. 1258)
• July 10 – Ladislaus IV, king of Hungary since 1272 (b. 1262)
• September 26 – Margaret, Maid of Norway Queen of Scotland (b. 1283)
• November 10 – Al Mansur Qalawun, Sultan of Egypt since 1279 (b. c. 1222)
• November 28 – Eleanor of Castile, queen of Edward I of England (b. 1241)
• December 18 – Magnus III, king of Sweden since 1275 (b. 1240)
• Patriarch Gregory II of Constantinople 1283–1289 (b. 1241)

References