11 September 1922 Revolution

Nikolaos Plastiras, Stylianos Gonatas and Georgios Papandreou, 1922, in Mousounitsa

The 11 September 1922 Revolution (Greek: Επανάσταση της 11ης Σεπτεμβρίου 1922^[1]) was an uprising by the Greek army and navy against the government in Athens. The Greek Army had just been defeated in the Asia Minor Campaign in mainland Turkey and had been evacuated from Anatolia to the Greek islands in the eastern Aegean. Discontent among the middle-ranking officers and men for the campaign's conduct by the royal government boiled over into armed revolt led by pro-Venizelist and anti-royalist officers. The mutiny spread quickly and seized power in Athens, forcing King Constantine I to abdicate and leave the country, with a military government ruling the country until early 1924, shortly before the Greek monarchy was abolished and the Second Hellenic Republic established.

The military defeat and the total destruction of the Greek forces in Anatolia had alarmed the people and caused them to ask for the punishment of those responsible for the defeat. The government of Petros Protopapadakis resigned and on 28 August, the new government headed by Nikolaos Triantafyllakos.

On 11 September the revolution was declared, with the formation of a Revolutionary Committee headed by Colonels Nikolaos Plastiras as representative of the army in Chios, Colonel Stylianos Gonatas as representative of the army in Lesvos and Commander Dimitrios Fokas as representative of the Navy. The next day, the troops boarded their ships and headed to Athens. Before they arrived there, a military aeroplane delivered a manifesto that was asking the resignation of King Constantine I, the dissolution of the Parliament, the formation a new politically independent government that would have the support of the alliances of the Entente and the immediate reinforcement of the battlefront in Eastern Thrace.

On 13 September, the ships with the Greek army arrived in Lavrio and the next day, King Constantine resigned and left the country to go to Italy. His son, George II, was declared king. On 15 September, the troops of revolution entered the city of Athens and blocked the efforts Theodoros Pangalos was making to take advantage of the situation and take control of the government. Soon a new government was formed, with Sotirios Krokidas as chairman.

Liberalism in Greece

Ideology	Centrism Liberalism Modern Greek Enlightenment Liberal nationalism Liberal democracy Free trade Venizelism Megali Idea

Organizations	Liberal Club National and Social Liberation National Organization of Crete

Political Parties	Modernist Party Liberal Party National Unionist Party Liberal Democratic Union National Progressive Center Union Progressive Party Centre Union Centre Union – New Forces Union of the Democratic Centre Party of New Liberals Liberal Party (modern) Democratic Renewal Union of Centrists The Liberals Liberal Alliance Democratic Alliance Recreate Greece Drasi The River

People	Theophilos Kairis Adamantios Korais Dionysios Solomos Alexandros Mavrokordatos Charilaos Trikoupis Ioannis Psycharis Konstantinos Raktivan Eleftherios Venizelos Pavlos Kountouriotis Themistoklis Sofoulis Georgios Kafantaris Georgios Papandreou Sofoklis Venizelos Panagiotis Kanellopoulos Georgios Mavros Konstantinos Stephanopoulos Konstantinos Mitsotakis Stefanos Manos

Historical events	Greek War of Independence First National Assembly at Epidaurus 3 September 1843 Revolution Theriso revolt Goudi coup Movement of National Defence National Schism 11 September 1922 Revolution Greek resistance

Policies	Democratic education Modernization

↑ Note: Greece officially adopted the Gregorian calendar on 16 February 1923 (which became 1 March). All dates prior to that, unless specifically denoted, are Old Style.

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11 September 1922 Revolution

See also