110s

Events

Contents: 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119

110

By place

Roman Empire

• The Roman Empire has more than 75,000 kilometers (47,000 mi) of roads.
• The Forum of Trajan is constructed in Rome by the Syrian architect Apollodorus of Damascus.
• Tacitus is named proconsul of the province of Asia (110–113).

Asia

• Caravans make regular departures from Luoyang with Chinese ginger, cassia (a type of cinnamon), and silk to be bartered in Central Asia for gold, silver, glassware, pottery, cloth, and intaglio gems from Rome.

By topic

Arts and sciences

• Suetonius publishes Of illustrious men (De viris illustribus).

111

By place

Roman Empire

• Emperor Trajan sends Pliny the Younger as governor (legatus Augusti) to Bithynia.

Asia

• The Indian Emperor Cenguttuvan invades the Kushan Empire and defeats Kanishka and his brother Vijaya at Quilaluvam (near Mathura).

112

By place

Roman Empire

• Emperor Trajan and Titus Sextius Cornelius Africanus become Roman Consul.
• Publius Cornelius Tacitus is Governor of the Roman province of Asia, Anatolia.
• Hadrian succeeds Gaius Julius Cassius Steirieus as archon of Athens.
• Salonina Matidia receives the title of Augusta.

Asia

• King Jima succeeds King Pasa as ruler of Korea.

113

By place

Roman Empire

• Emperor Trajan sails from Rome to begin his expedition against Parthia. He arrives in Athens where Parthian envoys greets him with olive branches, a sign of peace.
• Trajan's Column near the Colosseum in Rome is completed to commemorate the Emperor's victory over the Dacians in the Second Dacian War.
• Osroes I of Parthia violates the treaty with Rome by installing a puppet ruler in Armenia. The 60-year-old emperor, Trajan, marches east without first attempting to use diplomacy to resolve the disagreement.
• Trajan declares Armenia to be annexed and becomes a Roman province.
• Basilica Ulpia is dedicated.

Asia

• Last (7th) year of Yongchu era of the Chinese Eastern Han Dynasty.
• "Pattini dheivam" worship is inaugurated in Kannagi Temple in Chera Kingdom in South India, by Emperor Cenkuttuvan; the function is attended by GajaBahu, king of Central Sri Lanka (Mahavamso).

114

By place

Roman Empire

• The Arch of Trajan is erected in Benevento.
• The kingdom of Osroene becomes a vassal kingdom of the Roman Empire.
• Emperor Trajan defeats the Parthians and overruns Armenia and northern Mesopotamia.
• A monument to Philopappos, prince-in-exile of old Commagene (a buffer-state between Rome and Parthia) is erected in Athens.

Asia

• First year of Yuanchu era of the Chinese Eastern Han Dynasty.

By topic

Religion

• Change of Patriarch of Constantinople from Patriarch Sedecion to Patriarch Diogenes.

115

By place

Roman Empire

• Emperor Trajan is cut off in southern Mesopotamia after his invasion of that region.
• Trajan captures the Parthian capital of Ctesiphon.
• Jews in Egypt and Cyrene ignite a revolt (Kitos War) against the rule of the Roman Empire, which spreads to Cyprus, Judea, and the Roman province of Mesopotamia.
• Alexandria in Egypt is destroyed during the Jewish-Greek civil wars. Marcus Rutilius Lupus, the Roman governor, sends Legio XXII Deiotariana to protect the inhabitants of Memphis.
• A revolt breaks out in Britain; the garrison at Eboracum (York) is massacred.
• The Pantheon of Agrippa is reconstructed in Rome.
• Lusius Quietus, Trajan's governor of Judea, begins a brutal campaign to maintain the peace in the region.

Asia

• An earthquake destroys Apamea and Antioch in Syria. The local bishop is held responsible (he will be martyred and remembered as St. Ignatius).

By topic

Religion

• Pope Sixtus I succeeds Pope Alexander I as the seventh pope according to Catholic biographies.

116

By place

Roman Empire

• Emperor Trajan completes his invasion of Parthia by capturing the cities of Seleucia, Babylon, Ctesiphon and Susa, marking the high-water mark of the Roman Empire's eastern expansion.
• Trajan makes Syria a province of Rome and crosses the Tigris to annex Adiabene. He proceeds with his army to the Persian Gulf and conquers territory that becomes the province of Parthia.
• Trajan removes Osroes I as king of Parthia, and appoints his son Parthamaspates in his place. Parthamaspates Romanizes his name to Parthicus.
• Trajan sends two expeditionary forces. One, consisting of elements of Legio III Cyrenaica, to suppress the revolt in Judea and the other Legio VII Claudia to restore order on Cyprus.
• Trajan sends laureatae to the Roman Senate on account of his victories and being conqueror of Parthia.
• Quintus Marcius Turbo sails to Alexandria and defeats the Jews in several pitched battles.
• Jewish uprising against Rome fails.

117

By place

Roman Empire

• Trajan subdues a Jewish revolt (the Kitos War), then falls seriously ill, leaving Hadrian in command of the east.
• On his death bed, Trajan adopts Hadrian and designates him as his successor.
• August 9 – Emperor Trajan dies of a stroke at Selinus in Cilicia, age 63, while en route from Mesopotamia to Italy. Leaving the Roman Empire at its maximal territorial extent.
• Hadrian, who will reign until 138, succeeds him.
  • Hadrian, a Spaniard like Trajan, as Emperor inaugurates a policy of retrenchment and cultural integration, giving up the policy of conquest of his predecessor in order to consolidate the empire.
• Hadrian returns large parts of Mesopotamia to the Parthians as part of a peace settlement.
• Construction begins on the Pantheon in Rome.
• The Roman Empire reaches its greatest extent.

By topic

Commerce

• The silver content of the Roman denarius falls to 87 percent under emperor Hadrian, down from 93 percent in the reign of Trajan.

Religion

• John I becomes the 7th Bishop of Jerusalem.

118

By place

Roman Empire

• Trajan's Forum commissioned by the late Emperor Trajan is completed with triumphal arches, columns, a market complex, and an enormous basilica that all of which replace hundreds of dwellings.
• Emperor Hadrian is also a Roman Consul.
• Rome has a population exceeding 1 million, making it the largest city in the world.
• Osroene is returned to native rule by the Roman Empire.
• Plot of the consuls: Hadrian executes four senators, all former consuls, who had been shown to have plotted against him. His relations with the Senate are strained.
• Pantheon, in Rome, is started to be built (approximate date).
• 118–128 – Battle of Centaurs and Wild Beasts, from Hadrian's Villa, Tivoli, Italy, is made (approximate date). It may be a copy of painting done by the late 5th century BC Greek artist Zeuxis. It is now kept at Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Antikensammlung.

Asia

• The north-south feud between the Hun dynasty ends.
• The oldest known painted depiction of a wheelbarrow is found in a Chinese tomb of Chengde, Sichuan province, dated to this year.

119

By place

Roman Empire

• Emperor Hadrian stations Legio VI Victrix in Roman Britain, to assist in quelling the resistance of a local rebellion. The legion is a key in securing the victory, and eventually replaces Legio IX Hispana at Eboracum.
• Hadrian also visits Britain in this year at the request of Governor of Britain Quintus Pompeius Falco.
• Salonina Matidia (a niece of Trajan) dies. Hadrian delivers her funeral oration and grants her a temple in Rome.

Asia

• Reign in Northern India by Nahapana, Scythian king. He attacks the kingdom of Andhra and annexes Southern Rajputana.

Significant people

• Trajan, Roman Emperor

Births

111

• Antinous

112

• Adrianus
• Gnaeus Claudius Severus Arabianus
• Sima Jun, politician during the Han Dynasty

115

• Emperor Shun of Han

116

• Liang Na, empress during the Han Dynasty

117

• Aelius Aristides, Greek orator and author

119

• Gaius Bruttius Praesens, prominent Roman senator and twice consul
• Marina of Aguas Santas

Deaths

117

• Trajan, Roman emperor. Died in 117.

References