107th United States Congress
| 107th United States Congress | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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The One Hundred Seventh United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C. from January 3, 2001 to January 3, 2003, during the final weeks of the Clinton presidency and the first two years of the George W. Bush presidency. The apportionment of seats in this House of Representatives was based on the Twenty-first Census of the United States in 1990. The House of Representatives had a Republican majority, and the Senate switched majorities from Democratic to Republican and back to Democratic. By the end of term, Republicans had regained the majority in the Senate, but since the body was out of session reorganization was delayed till the next Congress.[3]
Major events
A rare even split in the United States Senate and the defection of a single Senator led to three changes in majorities. Major security events occurred. The September 11 attacks were highly disruptive. Some Senators were targeted by anthrax attacks. The Congress voted to allow the President to invade Iraq.
- January 3, 2001: Senate was evenly split (50-50) between the two parties. Democrat Al Gore - who was still Vice President - gave the Democrats the tie-breaker and majority control for the 17 days between the January 3 swearing-in of the new Congress and the January 20 inauguration of Republican Vice President Dick Cheney. Hillary Clinton, wife of President Bill Clinton, became the first presidential spouse to serve in Congress.
- January 20, 2001: George W. Bush and Dick Cheney were sworn-in as President of the United States and Vice President of the United States respectively, giving the Republicans the tie-breaker and majority control. Trent Lott becomes Senate Majority Leader.
- June 6, 2001: Senator Jim Jeffords, previously a Republican, declared himself an independent and announced he would join the Democratic caucus, giving the Democrats majority control. Democrat Tom Daschle became Senate Majority Leader.
- September 11, 2001: September 11 attacks
- September 20, 2001: George W. Bush reported to a joint session of Congress on the investigation into the September 11 attacks and officially announces the War on Terrorism
- October 7, 2001: Operation Enduring Freedom began
- October 9, 2001: Anthrax attacks were executed against members of the Senate, including Senate Majority Leader Tom Daschle.
- December 2001: Corporate financial scandals, including Enron and MCI
- June 12, 2002: Prime Minister of Australia John Howard addressed a joint session of Congress. The address was originally scheduled for September 12, 2001, but was interrupted by the September 11 attacks. Already in Washington at the time, he sat in on Congressional sessions on September 12 instead.
- November 25, 2002: Jim Talent wins special election for Senate in Missouri, effectively giving Republicans a majority. Reorganization delayed till Senate returned to session in the next term.
- November 30 - December 2, 2002: Outgoing Sen. Phil Gramm (R-Texas) resigns weeks before his final term expires; Sen.-elect John Cornyn appointed to finish Gramm's term.
Major legislation
Main article: List of United States federal legislation
- June 7, 2001: Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act, Pub.L. 107–16, 115 Stat. 38
- October 26, 2001: Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism ("USA PATRIOT") Act, Pub.L. 107–56, 115 Stat. 272
- January 8, 2002: No Child Left Behind Act, Pub.L. 107–110, 115 Stat. 1425
- January 11, 2002: Small Business Liability Relief and Brownfields Revitalization Act, Pub.L. 107–118, 115 Stat. 2356
- March 9, 2002: Job Creation and Worker Assistance Act, Pub.L. 107–147, 116 Stat. 21
- March 27, 2002: Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act (McCain-Feingold), Pub.L. 107–155, 116 Stat. 81
- May 13, 2002: Farm Security and Rural Investment Act of 2002, Pub.L. 107–171, 116 Stat. 134
- July 30, 2002: Sarbanes-Oxley Act, Pub.L. 107–204, 116 Stat. 745
- August 6, 2002: Trade Act of 2002, Pub.L. 107–210, 116 Stat. 933
- October 16, 2002: Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq, Pub.L. 107–243, 116 Stat. 1497
- October 21, 2002: Sudan Peace Act, Pub.L. 107–245, 116 Stat. 1504
- October 29, 2002: Help America Vote Act, Pub.L. 107–252, 116 Stat. 1666
- November 25, 2002: Homeland Security Act, Pub.L. 107–296, 116 Stat. 2135
- December 17, 2002: E-Government Act of 2002, Pub.L. 107–347, 116 Stat. 2899
Party summary
Senate
Party standings on the opening day of the 107th Congress
| Party (Shading indicates party control)
|
Total | Notes | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic (D) |
Independent (I) |
Independence (Minn.) (IMN) |
Republican (R) |
Vacant | |||
| End of previous Congress | 46 | 0 | 0 | 54 | 100 | 0 | See United States Senate elections, 2000 |
| Begin | 50 | 0 | 0 | 50 | 100 | 0 | Al Gore (D) was Vice President of the United States, with the tie-breaking vote. |
| January 20, 2001 | 50 | 50 | Dick Cheney (R) became Vice President of the United States, with the tie-breaking vote. | ||||
| June 6, 2001 | 50 | 1 | 49 | James Jeffords (VT) switched from Republican to Independent and caucused with Democrats. | |||
| October 25, 2002 | 49 | 99 | 1 | Paul Wellstone (D-MN) died. | |||
| November 5, 2002 | 1 | 100 | 0 | Dean Barkley (IMN-MN), who didn't caucus with either party, took Wellstone's seat. | |||
| November 25, 2002 | 48 | 1 | 50 | Jim Talent (R-MO) took Jean Carnahan's (D-MO) seat, but there was no reorganization as Senate was out of session.[3] | |||
| November 30, 2002 | 49 | 99 | 1 | Phil Gramm (R-TX) resigned. | |||
| December 2, 2002 | 50 | 100 | 0 | Senator-elect John Cornyn (R-TX) was appointed to complete Gramm's term. | |||
| Final voting share | 49% | 1% | 50% | ||||
| Beginning of the next Congress | 48 | 1 | 0 | 51 | 100 | 0 | See United States Senate elections, 2002 |
House of Representatives
| Party (Shading indicates majority caucus) |
Total | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Democratic | Independent | Republican | Vacant | |||
| caucused with Democrats |
caucused with Republicans | |||||
| End of previous Congress | 210 | 1 | 0 | 222 | 433 | 2 |
| Begin | 211 | 1 | 1 | 221 | 434 | 1 |
| January 31, 2001 | 220 | 433 | 2 | |||
| March 30, 2001 | 210 | 432 | 3 | |||
| May 15, 2001 | 221 | 433 | 2 | |||
| May 28, 2001 | 209 | 432 | 3 | |||
| June 5, 2001 | 210 | 433 | 2 | |||
| June 19, 2001 | 222 | 434 | 1 | |||
| August 5, 2001 | 221 | 433 | 2 | |||
| August 16, 2001 | 220 | 432 | 3 | |||
| September 6, 2001 | 219 | 431 | 4 | |||
| October 16, 2001 | 211 | 220 | 433 | 2 | ||
| November 20, 2001 | 221 | 434 | 1 | |||
| December 18, 2001 | 222 | 435 | 0 | |||
| July 24, 2002 | 210 | 434 | 1 | |||
| August 1, 2002 | 0 | 223 | ||||
| September 9, 2002 | 209 | 433 | 2 | |||
| September 28, 2002 | 208 | 432 | 3 | |||
| November 30, 2002 | 209 | 433 | 2 | |||
| Final voting share | 48.5% | 51.5% | ||||
| Beginning of the next Congress | 205 | 1 | 0 | 229 | 435 | 0 |
Leadership
Senate
- President of the Senate: Al Gore (D), until January 20, 2001
- Dick Cheney (R), from January 20, 2001
- President pro tempore: Robert Byrd (D), until January 20, 2001
- Strom Thurmond (R), January 20 – June 6, 2001
- Robert Byrd (D), from June 6, 2001
Majority leadership
- Majority Leader: Tom Daschle (D), until January 20, 2001
- Trent Lott (R), January 20 – June 6, 2001
- Tom Daschle (D), from June 6, 2001
- Majority Whip: Harry Reid (D), until January 20, 2001
- Don Nickles (R), January 20 – June 6, 2001
- Harry Reid (D), from June 6, 2001
Minority leadership
- Minority Leader: Trent Lott (R), until January 20, 2001
- Tom Daschle (D), January 20 – June 6, 2001
- Trent Lott (R), from June 6, 2001
- Minority Whip: Don Nickles (R), until January 20, 2001
- Harry Reid (D), January 20 – June 6, 2001
- Don Nickles (R), from June 6, 2001
House of Representatives
- Speaker: Dennis Hastert (R)
Majority (Republican) leadership
Minority (Democratic) leadership
- Minority Leader: Dick Gephardt
- Minority Whip: David E. Bonior, until January 15, 2002
- Nancy Pelosi, from January 15, 2002
Caucuses
- Armenian Caucus
- Bangladesh Caucus
- Biomedical Research Caucus
- Bipartisan Disabilities Caucus
- Blue Dog Coalition
- Coalition for Autism Research and Education
- Congressional Air Force Caucus
- Congressional Arts Caucus
- Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus
- Congressional Assyrian Caucus
- Congressional Automotive Caucus
- Congressional Bike Caucus
- Congressional Black Caucus
- Congressional Caucus on India and Indian Americans
- Congressional Caucus on Korea
- Congressional Caucus on U.S.-Lebanon Relations
- Congressional Coast Guard Caucus
- Congressional Ethiopian-American Caucus
- Congressional Fire Services Caucus
- Congressional Friends of Ireland Caucus
- Congressional Hearing Health Caucus
- Congressional Hispanic Caucus
- Congressional Immigration Reform Caucus
- Congressional Mississippi River Caucus
- Congressional Motorsports Caucus
- Congressional Pediatric & Adult Hydrocephalus Caucus
- Congressional Progressive Caucus
- Congressional Portuguese-American Caucus
- Congressional Soccer Caucus
- Congressional Taiwan Caucus
- Congressional Travel & Tourism Caucus
- Congressional Western Caucus
- Congressional Wine Caucus
- Congressional Caucus on U.S.-Lebanon Relations
- Congresswomen's Caucus
- Congressional Caucus on Turkey and Turkish Americans
- Friends of Norway Caucus
- Friends of Switzerland Caucus
- Hong Kong Caucus
- House Baltic Caucus
- House Democratic Caucus
- House Oceans Caucus
- House Recycling Caucus
- Hudson River Caucus
- Intelligent Transportation Caucus
- Law Enforcement Caucus
- Liberty Caucus
- New Democrat Coalition
- Northern Border Caucus
- Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Caucus
- Silk Road Caucus
Members
Senate
Senators' party membership by state
Contents
- Alabama
- Alaska
- Arizona
- Arkansas
- California
- Colorado
- Connecticut
- Delaware
- Florida
- Georgia
- Hawaii
- Idaho
- Illinois
- Indiana
- Iowa
- Kansas
- Kentucky
- Louisiana
- Maine
- Maryland
- Massachusetts
- Michigan
- Minnesota
- Mississippi
- Missouri
- Montana
- Nebraska
- Nevada
- New Hampshire
- New Jersey
- New Mexico
- New York
- North Carolina
- North Dakota
- Ohio
- Oklahoma
- Oregon
- Pennsylvania
- Rhode Island
- South Carolina
- South Dakota
- Tennessee
- Texas
- Utah
- Vermont
- Virginia
- Washington
- West Virginia
- Wisconsin
- Wyoming
House of Representatives
Percentage of House seats held by party
Democratic 80+ to 100% Republican 80+ to 100%
Democratic 60+ to 80% Republican 60+ to 80%
Democratic 50+ to 60% Republican 50+ to 60%
1 Independent
Democratic 80+ to 100% Republican 80+ to 100%
Democratic 60+ to 80% Republican 60+ to 80%
Democratic 50+ to 60% Republican 50+ to 60%
1 Independent
Many of the congressional district numbers are linked to articles describing the district itself. Since the boundaries of the districts have changed often and substantially, the linked article may only describe the district as it exists today, and not as it was at the time of this Congress.
Further information: List of United States Congressional districts
Contents
- Alabama
- Alaska
- Arizona
- Arkansas
- California
- Colorado
- Connecticut
- Delaware
- Florida
- Georgia
- Hawaii
- Idaho
- Illinois
- Indiana
- Iowa
- Kansas
- Kentucky
- Louisiana
- Maine
- Maryland
- Massachusetts
- Michigan
- Minnesota
- Mississippi
- Missouri
- Montana
- Nebraska
- Nevada
- New Hampshire
- New Jersey
- New Mexico
- New York
- North Carolina
- North Dakota
- Ohio
- Oklahoma
- Oregon
- Pennsylvania
- Rhode Island
- South Carolina
- South Dakota
- Tennessee
- Texas
- Utah
- Vermont
- Virginia
- Washington
- West Virginia
- Wisconsin
- Wyoming
- Non-voting members
Changes in membership
Senate
| State (class) |
Vacator | Reason for change | Successor | Date of successor's formal installation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vermont | Jim Jeffords (R) | Incumbent changed party and joined the Democratic caucus. | Jim Jeffords (I) | June 6, 2001 |
| Minnesota | Paul Wellstone (D) | Incumbent died October 25, 2002. Successor appointed to serve the remaining two months of the term. |
Dean Barkley (IMN) | November 4, 2002 |
| Missouri | Jean Carnahan (D) | Interim appointee lost election to finish the term. | Jim Talent (R) | November 25, 2002 |
| Texas | Phil Gramm (R) | Incumbent resigned November 30, 2002 to give successor advantageous office space.[4] | John Cornyn (R) | December 2, 2002 |
| Alaska | Frank Murkowski (R) | Incumbent resigned on December 2, 2002 to become Governor of Alaska. Successor appointed to fill the vacancy. |
Lisa Murkowski (R) | December 20, 2002 |
House of Representatives
| District | Vacator | Reason for change | Successor | Date successor seated |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| California 32nd | Vacant | Incumbent Julian Dixon (D) had died December 8, 2000, before the beginning of this Congress. A special election was held June 5, 2001. |
Diane Watson (D) | June 5, 2001 |
| Pennsylvania 9th | Bud Shuster (R) | Incumbent resigned, effective January 31, 2001. A special election was held May 15, 2001. |
Bill Shuster (R) | May 15, 2001 |
| Virginia 4th | Norman Sisisky (D) | Incumbent died March 30, 2001. A special election was held June 19, 2001. |
J. Randy Forbes (R) | June 19, 2001 |
| Massachusetts 9th | Joe Moakley (D) | Incumbent died May 28, 2001. A special election was held October 16, 2001. |
Stephen F. Lynch (D) | October 16, 2001 |
| Arkansas 3rd | Asa Hutchinson (R) | Incumbent resigned August 5, 2001 to head the Drug Enforcement Administration. A special election was held November 20, 2001. |
John Boozman (R) | November 20, 2001 |
| South Carolina 2nd | Floyd Spence (R) | Incumbent died August 16, 2001. A special election was held December 18, 2001. |
Joe Wilson (R) | December 18, 2001 |
| Florida 1st | Joe Scarborough (R) | Incumbent resigned, effective September 6, 2001. A special election was held October 16, 2001. |
Jeff Miller (R) | October 16, 2001 |
| Oklahoma 1st | Steve Largent (R) | Incumbent resigned, effective February 15, 2002, to concentrate on his campaign for Governor. A special election was held January 8, 2002. |
John Sullivan (R) | February 15, 2002 |
| Ohio 17th | Jim Traficant (D) | Incumbent expelled July 24, 2002 for criminal conviction of 10 counts of bribery, racketeering, and tax evasion. | Vacant | Not filled for remainder of Congress |
| Virginia 5th | Virgil Goode (I) | Incumbent changed party. | Virgil Goode (R) | August 1, 2002 |
| Ohio 3rd | Tony P. Hall (D) | Incumbent resigned September 9, 2002 after he was appointed to be the U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. | Vacant | Not filled for remainder of Congress |
| Hawaii 2nd | Patsy Mink (D) | Incumbent died September 28, 2002 but was elected posthumously on November 5, 2002. | Ed Case (D) | November 30, 2002 |
Committees
Lists of committees and their party leaders.
Senate
- Aging (Special)
- Agriculture, Nutrition and Forestry
- Forestry, Conservation and Rural Revitalization
- Marketing Inspection and Product Promotion
- Production and Price Competitiveness
- Research, Nutrition and General Legislation
- Appropriations
- Agriculture, Rural Development and Related Agencies
- Commerce, Justice, State and the Judiciary
- Defense
- District of Columbia
- Energy and Water Development
- Foreign Operations
- Interior
- Labor, Health, Human Services and Education
- Legislative Branch
- Military Construction
- Transportation
- Treasury and General Government
- VA, HUD and Independent Agencies
- Armed Services
- Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs
- Economic Policy
- Financial Institutions
- Housing and Transportation
- International Trade and Finance
- Securities
- Budget
- Commerce, Science and Transportation
- Aviation
- Communications
- Consumer Affairs, Foreign Commerce and Tourism
- Manufacturing and Competitiveness
- Oceans and Fisheries
- Science, Technology and Space
- Surface Transportation and Merchant Marine
- Energy and Natural Resources
- Energy Research, Development, Production and Regulation
- Forests and Public Land Management
- National Parks, Historic Preservation and Recreation
- Water and Power
- Environment and Public Works
- Clean Air, Wetlands, Private Property and Nuclear Safety
- Fisheries, Wildlife, and Drinking Water
- Superfund, Waste Control and Risk Assessment
- Transportation and Infrastructure
- Ethics (Select)
- Finance
- Health Care
- International Trade
- Long-Term Growth and Debt Reduction
- Social Security and Family Policy
- Taxation and IRS Oversight
- Foreign Relations
- African Affairs
- East Asian and Pacific Affairs
- European Affairs
- International Economic Policy, Export and Trade Promotion
- International Operations
- Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs
- Western Hemisphere, Peace Corps, Narcotics and Terrorism
- Governmental Affairs
- International Security, Proliferation and Federal Services
- Oversight of Government Management, Restructing and the District of Columbia
- Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations
- Indian Affairs (Select)
- Intelligence (Select)
- Health, Education, Labor and Pensions
- Children and Families
- Public Health
- Aging
- Employment, Safety and Training
- Judiciary
- Administrative Oversight and the Courts
- Antitrust, Business Rights and Competition
- Constitution, Federalism and Property Rights
- Criminal Justice Oversight
- Immigration
- Technology, Terrorism and Government Information
- Youth Violence
- Rules and Administration
- Small Business
- Veterans' Affairs
House of Representatives
- Agriculture
- Department Operations, Oversight, Nutrition and Forestry
- General Farm Commodities, Resource Conservation and Credit
- Livestock and Horticulture
- Risk Management, Research and Specialty Crops
- Appropriations
- Agriculture, Rural Development, Food and Drug Administration and Related Agencies
- Commerce, Justice, State and Judiciary
- Defense
- District of Columbia
- Energy and Water Development
- Foreign Operations, Export Financing and Related Programs
- Interior
- Labor, Health, Human Services and Education
- Legislative
- Military Construction
- Treasury, Postal Service and General Government
- VA-HUD Independent Agencies
- Armed Services
- Military Installations and Facilities
- Military Personnel
- Military Procurement
- Military Research and Development
- Special Oversight Panel on Morale, Welfare and Recreation
- Special Oversight Panel on the Merchant Marine
- Banking and Financial Services
- Capital Markets, Securities and Government Sponsored Enterprises
- Domestic and International Monetary Policy
- Financial Institutions and Consumer Credit
- General Oversight and Investigations
- Housing and Community Opportunity
- Budget
- Commerce
- Energy and Power
- Finance and Hazardous Materials
- Health and the Environment
- Oversight and Investigations
- Telecommunications, Trade and Consumer Protection
- Education and the Workforce
- Energy and Commerce
- Commerce, Trade and Consumer Production
- Energy and Air Quality
- Environment and Hazardous Materials
- Health
- Oversight and Investigations
- Telecommunications and the Internet
- Financial Services
- Capital Markets, Insurance and Government-Sponsored Enterprises
- Domestic Monetary Policy, Technology and Economic Growth
- Financial Institutions and Consumer Credit
- International Monetary Policy and Trade
- Oversight and Investigations
- Government Reform
- Census
- Civil Service
- Criminal Justice, Drug Policy and Human Resources
- District of Columbia
- Energy Policy, Natural Resources and Regulatory Affairs
- Government Efficiency, Financial Management and Intergovernmental Relations
- National Economic Growth, Natural Resources and Regulatory Affairs
- National Security, Veterans' Affairs and International Relations
- Technology and Procurement Policy
- House Administration
- International Relations
- Africa
- East Asia and the Pacific
- Europe
- International Operations and Human Rights
- The Middle East and South Asia
- Western Hemisphere
- International Economic Policy and Trade
- Judiciary
- Commercial and Administrative Law
- The Constitution
- Courts, the Internet and Intellectual Property
- Crime
- Immigration and Claims
- Resources
- Energy and Mineral Resources
- Fisheries Conservation, Wildlife and Oceans
- National Parks and Public Lands
- Forests and Forest Health
- Water and Power
- Rules
- The Legislative Process
- Technology and the House
- Science
- Small Business
- Regulatory Reform and Oversight
- Rural Enterprises, Agriculture and Technology
- Tax, Finance and Exports
- Workforce, Empowerment and Government Programs
- Standards of Official Conduct
- Transportation and Infrastructure
- Aviation
- Coast Guard and Maritime Transportation
- Economic Development, Public Buildings, Hazardous Materials and Pipeline Transportation
- Highways and Transit
- Railroads
- Water Resources and Environment
- Veterans' Affairs
- Benefits
- Health
- Oversight and Investigations
- Ways and Means
- Whole
Joint committees
Employees and legislative agency directors
Legislative branch agency directors
- Architect of the Capitol: Alan M. Hantman
- Attending Physician of the United States Congress: John F. Eisold
- Comptroller General of the United States: David M. Walker
- Director of the Congressional Budget Office: Dan L. Crippen (until January 3, 2003)
- Librarian of Congress: James H. Billington
- Public Printer of the United States: Michael F. DiMario
Senate
- Chaplain: Lloyd John Ogilvie
- Historian: Richard A. Baker
- Parliamentarian:
- Secretary:
- Gary Lee Sisco, until July 11, 2001
- Jeri Thomson, July 12, 2001 - end
- Sergeant at Arms:
- James W. Ziglar, until September 3, 2001
- Alfonso E. Lenhardt, September 4, 2001 - end
- Secretary for the Majority / Minority:
- Martin P. Paone (Democrats)
- Elizabeth B. Letchworth (Republicans)
- David J. Schiappa (Republicans)
House of Representatives
- Chaplain: Daniel P. Coughlin
- Chief Administrative Officer: James M. Eagen, III
- Clerk: Jeff Trandahl
- Historian: Vacant
- Parliamentarian: Charles W. Johnson
- Reading Clerks:
- Mary Kevin Niland (D)
- Paul Hays (R)
- Sergeant at Arms: Wilson Livingood
- Inspector General: Steven McNamara
See also
- United States elections, 2000 (elections leading to this Congress)
- United States elections, 2002 (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
References
- 1 2 Al Gore served until his terms ended at noon on January 20, 2001, when Dick Cheney was sworn in and his term began.
- ↑ When the Congress began, the Senate was divided 50-50. Because the Vice President's tie-breaking vote would change control from Democrats to Republicans on January 20, the Senate elected Byrd to serve until noon and Thurmond to serve from noon on January 20. Control changed again from June 6, 2001, when Jim Jeffords left the Republican Party and Byrd was once again elected President pro tempore. For details, see party summary > Senate, on this page.
- 1 2 Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov
- ↑ senate.gov
This article incorporates public domain material from the Biographical Directory of the United States Congress website http://bioguide.congress.gov.
External links
- United States 107th Congress Web Archive from the U.S. Library of Congress
- Congress.gov
- History, Art and Archives from the United States House of Representatives
- Statistics & Lists from the United States Senate
- Booknotes interview with Tom Daschle on Like No Other Time: The 107th Congress and the Two Years That Changed America, November 30, 2003.
- House of Representatives Session Calendar for the 107th Congress (PDF).
- Senate Session Calendar for the 107th Congress (PDF).
- Congressional Pictorial Directory for the 107th Congress.
- Congressional Pictorial Directory for the 107th Congress (Revised).
- Official Congressional Directory for the 107th Congress.
- Official Congressional Directory for the 107th Congress (Revised) (PDF).
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